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Schiemann S, Keiner M, Wirth K, Lohmann LH, Wagner CM, Behm DG, Warneke K. The magnitude of correlation between deadlift 1RM and jumping performance is sports dependent. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1345213. [PMID: 38299024 PMCID: PMC10825955 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1345213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the assumption of maximal strength as a basic ability, several studies show a high influence of maximum strength on jumping performance in several sport athletes. However, there is a wide range of correlations from r = 0.17-0.9 between squat 1RM and jumping performance in different sports. Additionally, there are only a few studies investigating the influence of deadlift one repetition maximum (1RM) on jumping performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the correlations between 1RM in the deadlift on jumping performance using the countermovement jump height (CMJ) and squat jump height (SJ) considering different sports. Methods 103 athletes with experience in the deadlift from soccer, basketball, American football, powerlifting as well as participants from different sports without any deadlift experience (control group) were included to this study. Results Overall statistics showed a significant moderate influence of deadlift 1RM (r = 0.301-0.472) on jumping performance. However, subgroup analysis showed no significant correlation between deadlift 1RM and jumping performance in control participants, while moderate correlations could be detected in powerlifters (r = 0.34-0.39), soccer players (r = 0.437-0.46), American football players (0.584-0.62) and high correlations in basketball players (r = 0.809-0.848) showing significant influence of type of sport on correlations between deadlift maximum strength and jumping performance. Discussion Presented results underline movement velocity- and task specificity of strength training routines which is discussed in the light of the respective sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schiemann
- Insitute of Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department for Sport Science, German University of Health and Sport, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Klaus Wirth
- Department for Sport Science, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Lars H. Lohmann
- Institute of Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - David G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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2
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Lockie RG, Orr RM, Montes F, Dawes JJ. Physical fitness test performance in firefighter trainees: Differences between graduated and released trainees and predicting academy graduation. Work 2024; 77:1377-1389. [PMID: 38160386 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fitness tests have been previously used to predict academy graduation and highlight specific capacities to be targeted in applicants/trainees to optimise their potential for academy success. OBJECTIVE To compare the fitness of graduated and released (did not complete academy requirements) firefighter trainees and explore using decision tree analysis to predict academy graduation via fitness tests. METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted on 686 trainees who completed an occupational physical ability test (OPAT): Illinois agility test; push-ups; pull-ups; leg tucks; estimated maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max); backwards overhead 4.54-kg medicine ball throw; 10-repetition maximum deadlift; and 91.44-m farmer's carry. Data were recorded in raw and scaled scores (tests scored from 0-100; maximum OPAT score was 800). Trainees were split into 'graduated' (GRAD; n = 576) or 'released' (REL; n = 110) groups. Mann-Whitney U-tests compared between-group OPAT scores. A decision tree analysis using Chi-square automatic interaction detection was conducted, with raw and scaled scores entered into the analysis. A separate analysis was conducted with only the raw scores. RESULTS GRAD trainees outperformed REL trainees in all OPAT events (p < 0.001). OPAT total score was the best predictor of academy graduation (p < 0.001), followed by the deadlift score (p = 0.003). Estimated VO2max was the only significant raw score predictor (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GRAD trainees were fitter than the REL trainees. Fitness could predict trainees who graduated from the academy. Overall fitness (OPAT total score), muscular strength (deadlift) and aerobic capacity were important graduation predictors. Training staff could develop these fitness qualities in their trainees to potentially improve fire academy graduation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Robin M Orr
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia
| | | | - J Jay Dawes
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Tactical Fitness and Nutrition Lab, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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3
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Stock MS, Bodden ME, Bloch JM, Starnes KL, Rodriguez G, Girts RM. Acute, Non-Specific Low Back Pain Does Not Impair Isometric Deadlift Force or Electromyographic Excitation: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:168. [PMID: 36355819 PMCID: PMC9696011 DOI: 10.3390/sports10110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability. The use of deadlift-based assessments in assessing LBP is becoming common in clinical settings, but these concepts have not been well studied. We sought to compare force and muscle excitation during isometric deadlifts in participants suffering from LBP versus asymptomatic controls. We also compared these outcomes for conventional versus hexagonal barbells. Sixteen adults with mild-to-moderate, acute, non-specific LBP and 19 controls performed maximal, isometric deadlifts while standing on a force plate using conventional and hexagonal barbells. Surface electromyographic signals were recorded from the upper trapezius, external oblique, erector spinae, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris. Normalized peak force and peak rate of force development were similar for those with acute, non-specific LBP and controls. Surface electromyographic excitation was not different between groups, but was higher with the hexagonal barbell for the vastus lateralis and upper trapezius. Both groups felt equally safe and confident. In summary, the presence of acute, non-specific LBP did not impair peak and rapid force or muscle excitation. Hexagonal barbells may optimize knee extensor and trapezius activation. Deadlift-based force assessments appear safe and may be useful in the assessment of functional strength in patients with acute, non-specific LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S. Stock
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Megan E. Bodden
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jenna M. Bloch
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Karen L. Starnes
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Gabriela Rodriguez
- Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ryan M. Girts
- Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, NC 28109, USA
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4
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Van Hooren B, Vanwanseele B, van Rossom S, Teratsias P, Willems P, Drost M, Meijer K. Muscle forces and fascicle behavior during three hamstring exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:997-1012. [PMID: 35307884 PMCID: PMC9314024 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about muscular forces and fascicle behavior during hamstring exercises can optimize exercise prescription, but information on these outcomes across different exercises is lacking. We aimed to characterize and compare lower‐limb muscle forces and biceps femoris long head muscle fascicle behavior between three hamstring exercises: the Nordic hamstring curl (NHC), single‐leg Roman chair (RCH), and single‐leg deadlift (DL). Ten male participants performed the exercises while full‐body kinematics, ground reaction forces, surface muscle activation, and biceps femoris long head fascicle behavior were measured. Mean fascicle length was highest in the DL, followed by the RCH and NHC. Fascicle lengthening was higher in the NHC compared with the RCH and DL, with no difference between the RCH and DL. Biceps femoris short and long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus peak forces were generally higher in the NHC compared with the RCH and DL, while mean forces during the eccentric phase were generally not different between the NHC and RCH. Peak forces in the NHC coincided with low biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscle activation. The NHC generally has the highest peak hamstring muscle forces and results in more fascicle lengthening when compared to the DL and RCH. The NHC may therefore be most effective to promote increases in fascicle length. While the NHC may be effective to promote biceps femoris short head and semitendinosus strength adaptations, the RCH and DL may be more effective to promote strength increases in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam van Rossom
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Panayiotis Teratsias
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Willems
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Drost
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Androulakis-Korakakis P, Michalopoulos N, Fisher JP, Keogh J, Loenneke JP, Helms E, Wolf M, Nuckols G, Steele J. The Minimum Effective Training Dose Required for 1RM Strength in Powerlifters. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:713655. [PMID: 34527944 PMCID: PMC8435792 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.713655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multi-experiment paper was to explore the concept of the minimum effective training dose (METD) required to increase 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) strength in powerlifting (PL) athletes. The METD refers to the least amount of training required to elicit meaningful increases in 1RM strength. A series of five studies utilising mixed methods, were conducted using PL athletes & coaches of all levels in an attempt to better understand the METD for 1RM strength. The studies of this multi-experiment paper are: an interview study with elite PL athletes and highly experienced PL coaches (n = 28), an interview and survey study with PL coaches and PL athletes of all levels (n = 137), two training intervention studies with intermediate-advanced PL athletes (n = 25) and a survey study with competitive PL athletes of different levels (n = 57). PL athletes looking to train with a METD approach can do so by performing ~3-6 working sets of 1-5 repetitions each week, with these sets spread across 1-3 sessions per week per powerlift, using loads above 80% 1RM at a Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) of 7.5-9.5 for 6-12 weeks and expect to gain strength. PL athletes who wish to further minimize their time spent training can perform autoregulated single repetition sets at an RPE of 9-9.5 though they should expect that strength gains will be less likely to be meaningful. However, the addition of 2-3 back-off sets at ~80% of the single repetitions load, may produce greater gains over 6 weeks while following a 2-3-1 squat-bench press-deadlift weekly training frequency. When utilizing accessory exercises in the context of METD, PL athletes typically utilize 1-3 accessory exercises per powerlift, at an RPE in the range of 7-9 and utilize a repetition range of ~6-10 repetitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Michalopoulos
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - James P. Fisher
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Eric Helms
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Milo Wolf
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Nuckols
- Stronger by Science LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James Steele
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Cannataro R, Di Maio L, Malorgio A, Levi Micheli M, Cione E. Spondyloarthritis and Strength Training: A 4-Year Report. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:58. [PMID: 34202441 PMCID: PMC8293414 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral spondyloarthritis (SpA) has predominant peripheral (arthritis, enthesitis, or dactylitis) involvement. The severity of the symptoms can have a significant impact on the quality of life. There is no therapeutic gold standard, and physical exercise, with the opposition of resistance, remains controversial. Herein, we report the case of a woman who, at the age of 50, comes to our center with evident motor difficulties. She was previously diagnosed with SpA and was in therapy with a biological drug (adalimumab) for over one year. The training program and the nutritional intervention plan improved her condition, as pointed out by WOMAC, SQS, RAD-36 questionnaire, and BIA analysis, suspending biological therapy for almost two years. During this period, she achieved in sequence: (i) the Italian master deadlift championship, and (ii) the Italian master powerlifting championship, both for two consecutive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Malorgio
- Be Active, 56021 Cascina, PI, Italy;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Levi Micheli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
- M. Marella Laboratory of Motor Sciences Applied to Medicine, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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7
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Kapicioglu M, Bilgin E, Guven N, Pulatkan A, Bilsel K. The Role of Deadlifts in Distal Biceps Brachii Tendon Ruptures: An Alternative Mechanism Described With YouTube Videos. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121991811. [PMID: 34250167 PMCID: PMC8237209 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121991811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classic injury mechanism of a distal biceps brachii tendon rupture (DBBTR) is eccentric loading to the flexed elbow when the forearm is supinated. PURPOSE To determine alternative mechanisms of a DBBTR in powerlifting sports, particularly in deadlift competitions, with the use of YouTube videos. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS A search on YouTube was performed using the search terms "distal biceps tendon rupture" and "distal biceps tendon injury" combined with "competition," "deadlift," and "powerlifting." The videos underwent an evaluation for accuracy by 3 surgeons according to predetermined criteria. Type of sports activity, participant sex, side of the injury, and arm positions at the time of the injury were recorded. RESULTS Among the videos reviewed, 35 injuries were found appropriate for an evaluation. All participants were male. The majority of the injuries (n = 25) were observed during the deadlift. Only in 1 deadlift injury were both forearms in supination. In the remaining deadlift injuries (n = 24), all elbows were in extension, with 1 forearm in supination and the other in pronation. Among the deadlift injuries in the mixed-grip position, all ruptures occurred in a supinated extremity: 25% (n = 6) of ruptures occurred on the right side, and 75% (n = 18) of ruptures occurred on the left side; this was a significant difference (P = .014). CONCLUSION We described an alternative mechanism for a DBBTR, namely, eccentric loading to an extended elbow when the forearm is supinated during the deadlift. As all the ruptures occurred in a supinated extremity, holding the bar with both forearms in pronation may prevent or decrease the risk of ruptures during the deadlift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kapicioglu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Bilgin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tepecik Training and
Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necip Guven
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Van Yuzuncu Yil
University, Van, Turkey
| | - Anil Pulatkan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Bilsel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Fischer SC, Calley DQ, Hollman JH. Effect of an Exercise Program That Includes Deadlifts on Low Back Pain. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 30:672-5. [PMID: 33626500 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Scenario: Low back pain is a common condition for the general population with 29% of adults having low back pain within the last 3 months. A deadlift is described as a free weight exercise in which a barbell is lifted from the floor in a continuous motion by extending the knees and hips. For those without low back pain, the deadlift was found to have the highest muscle activation of paraspinal musculature compared with other exercises. There are a limited number of studies that investigate the usefulness of incorporating deadlifts as part of a rehabilitation program for low back pain. Clinical Question: For those who live with low back pain, is an exercise routine that includes a deadlift a viable treatment option to improve pain and/or function? Summary of Key Findings: The literature search yielded 3 total studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 1 randomized control trial, 1 secondary analysis of a randomized control trial, and 1 cohort study. Exercise programs that include deadlifts can yield improvements in both pain and function for those living with low back pain but were not found to be more beneficial than low load motor control exercises. Those with lower pain levels and higher baseline lumbar extension strength may be most appropriate to participate in an exercise program that includes deadlifts. Further research is needed to compare exercise programs that include deadlifts to other interventions for those living with low back pain. Clinical Bottom Line: There is minimal evidence that exercise programs that included deadlifts are a clinically effective option for the treatment of low back pain for both pain scores and functional outcome measures. Strength of Recommendation: Level B evidence exists that exercise programs that include deadlifts are a clinically effective option for the treatment of low back pain for both pain scores and functional outcome measures.
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9
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Travis SK, Mujika I, Gentles JA, Stone MH, Bazyler CD. Tapering and Peaking Maximal Strength for Powerlifting Performance: A Review. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E125. [PMID: 32917000 DOI: 10.3390/sports8090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to major competitions, athletes often use a peaking protocol such as tapering or training cessation to improve performance. The majority of the current literature has focused on endurance-based sports such as swimming, cycling, and running to better understand how and when to taper or use training cessation to achieve the desired performance outcome. However, evidence regarding peaking protocols for strength and power athletes is lacking. Current limitations for peaking maximal strength is that many studies do not provide sufficient details for practitioners to use. Thus, when working with athletes such as powerlifters, weightlifters, throwers, and strongman competitors, practitioners must use trial and error to determine the best means for peaking rather than using an evidence-based protocol. More specifically, determining how to peak maximal strength using data derived from strength and power athletes has not been established. While powerlifting training (i.e., back squat, bench press, deadlift) is used by strength and power athletes up until the final days prior to a competition, understanding how to peak maximal strength relative to powerlifting performance is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review the literature on tapering and training cessation practices relative to peaking powerlifting performance.
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10
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Johnson TK, Belcher DJ, Sousa CA, Carzoli JP, Visavadiya NP, Khamoui AV, Whitehurst M, Zourdos MC. Low-volume acute multi-joint resistance exercise elicits a circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor response but not a cathepsin B response in well-trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1332-1338. [PMID: 32531180 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined if acute multi-joint resistance exercises (RE; back squat, bench press, and deadlift) to volitional failure elicited a postexercise increase in the circulating response of biomarkers associated with neuroprotection. Thirteen males (age: 24.5 ± 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 ± 15.44 kg, height: 173.43 ± 8.57 cm, training age: 7.1 ± 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The measured biomarkers were brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cathepsin B (CatB), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Biomarkers were assessed immediately before and 10-min after exercise. There was a main time effect (pre-exercise: 24.00 ± 0.61 to postexercise: 27.38 ± 0.48 ng/mL; p < 0.01) for BDNF with increases in the deadlift (p = 0.01) and bench press (p = 0.01) conditions, but not in the squat condition (p = 0.21). There was a main time effect (pre-exercise: 0.87 ± 0.16 to postexercise: 2.03 ± 0.32 pg/mL; p < 0.01) for IL-6 with a significant increase in the squat (p < 0.01), but not the bench press (p = 0.88) and deadlift conditions (p = 0.24). No main time effect was observed for either CatB (p = 0.62) or IGF-1 (p = 0.56). In summary, acute multi-joint RE increases circulating BDNF. Further, this investigation is the first to report the lack of a transient change of CatB to an acute RE protocol. Novelty Low-volume RE to failure can increase BDNF. Resistance training does not confer an acute Cat B response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor K Johnson
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Daniel J Belcher
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Colby A Sousa
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Joseph P Carzoli
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Andy V Khamoui
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael C Zourdos
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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11
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Dinyer TK, Byrd MT, Vesotsky AN, Succi PJ, Bergstrom HC. Applying the Critical Power Model to a Full-Body Resistance-Training Movement. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:1364-70. [PMID: 30958050 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the mathematical model used to derive critical power could be used to identify the critical resistance (CR) for the deadlift; compare predicted and actual repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and compare the CR with the estimated sustainable resistance for 30 repetitions (ESR30). METHODS Twelve subjects completed 1RM testing for the deadlift followed by 4 visits to determine the number of repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1RM. The CR was calculated as the slope of the line of the total work completed (repetitions × weight [in kilograms] × distance [in meters]) vs the total distance (in meters) the barbell traveled. The actual and predicted repetitions to failure were determined from the CR model and compared using paired-samples t tests and simple linear regression. The ESR30 was determined from the power-curve analysis and compared with the CR using paired-samples t tests and simple linear regression. RESULTS The weight and repetitions completed at CR were 56 (11) kg and 49 (14) repetitions. The actual repetitions to failure were less than predicted at 50% 1RM (P < .001) and 80% 1RM (P < .001) and greater at 60% 1RM (P = .004), but there was no difference at 70% 1RM (P = .084). The ESR30 (75 [14] kg) was greater (P < .001) than the CR. CONCLUSIONS The total work-vs-distance relationship can be used to identify the CR for the deadlift, which reflected a sustainable resistance that may be useful in the design of resistance-based exercise programs.
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Edington C, Greening C, Kmet N, Philipenko N, Purves L, Stevens J, Lanovaz J, Butcher S. The Effect of Set Up Position on EMG Amplitude, Lumbar Spine Kinetics, and Total Force Output During Maximal Isometric Conventional-Stance Deadlifts. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6030090. [PMID: 30200300 PMCID: PMC6162543 DOI: 10.3390/sports6030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical differences between two set up variations during the isometric initiation of conventional barbell deadlifts (DL): Close-bar DL (CBDL), where the bar is positioned above the navicular, and far-bar DL (FBDL), where the bar is placed above the 3rd metatarsophalangeal joint. A cross-sectional, randomized, within-participant pilot study was used. Experienced powerlifters and weightlifters (n = 10) performed three individual isometric pulls of the initiation of both conditions. The CBDL resulted in lower tibia and knee angles and greater pelvis and torso angles than the FBDL (p < 0.05), as well as greater electromyography (EMG) activity in the biceps femoris and upper lumbar erector spinae, but lower activity in the vastus lateralis, and a lower knee extensor moment (p < 0.05). There were no statistical differences for ground reaction force, joint reaction lumbar shear and compression forces between the two conditions. Despite the differences in pelvis and torso angles between lifting conditions, the internal joint net moment, internal shear forces, and internal compressive forces were not different between the two lifting styles. The CBDL set up also resulted in greater posterior chain (hamstrings and erector spine) EMG amplitude, whereas the FBDL set up resulted in more anterior chain (quadriceps) amplitude. Lifters and coaches may choose either deadlift style, according to preferences or training goals, without concern for differences in lumbar spinal loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Edington
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada.
| | - Cassandra Greening
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z4, Canada.
| | - Nick Kmet
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z4, Canada.
| | - Nadia Philipenko
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z4, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Purves
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z4, Canada.
| | - Jared Stevens
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z4, Canada.
| | - Joel Lanovaz
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada.
| | - Scotty Butcher
- School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0Z4, Canada.
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Hirayama K, Akagi R, Moniwa Y, Okada J, Takahashi H. TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS ELASTICITY DURING VARIOUS EXERCISES: A SHEAR WAVE ULTRASOUND ELASTOGRAPHY STUDY. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12:601-606. [PMID: 28900566 PMCID: PMC5534150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the transversus abdominis (TrA) is considered to play a significant role in maintaining trunk stability, there is little information regarding the type of exercise that best facilitates the development of tension in the TrA. Muscle elasticity shows a strong association with muscle tension. Shear wave ultrasound elastography provides a means by which the tension of TrA can be noninvasively estimated, by quantifying it's elasticity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the TrA elasticity during several exercises as measured by shear wave ultrasound elastography, and to determine which of the studied exercises demonstrated the greatest tension. METHODS Ten healthy men performed abdominal hollowing, abdominal bracing, a hanging deadlift, elbow-toe plank with contralateral arm and leg lift, and back bridge with single leg lift. During these exercises, TrA elasticity was measured using ultrasound elastography. The same measurements were performed at rest before and after these exercises. RESULT No significant difference was found for rest conditions measured before and after the exercises (p = 0.63). Abdominal bracing showed a significantly higher elasticity value than the other exercises (p < 0.05), except for hanging deadlift. CONCLUSION Among the exercises, abdominal bracing was the exercise that elevated the TrA tension the most. The present results also suggested that hanging deadlift also produced comparably high TrA tension with abdominal bracing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryota Akagi
- College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Moniwa
- School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Okada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences. Tokyo, Japan
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Zemková E, Kyselovičová O, Jeleň M, Kováčiková Z, Ollé G, Štefániková G, Vilman T, Baláž M, Kurdiová T, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B. Muscular Power during a Lifting Task Increases after Three Months of Resistance Training in Overweight and Obese Individuals. Sports (Basel) 2017; 5:sports5020035. [PMID: 29910395 PMCID: PMC5968996 DOI: 10.3390/sports5020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluates the effect on power produced during a modified lifting task in the overweight and obese after three months of either resistance or aerobic training. Methods: Seventeen male subjects divided randomly into two groups performed deadlift and deadlift high pull, both with increasing weights up to maximal power, prior to and after the training programs (three sessions per week). Results: Their mean power increased significantly during the deadlift at 20 kg (14.3%, p = 0.026), 30 kg (17.7%, p = 0.008), 40 kg (16.5%, p = 0.011), 50 kg (14.5%, p = 0.020), and 60 kg (14.3%, p = 0.021) and during the deadlift high pull at 30 kg (9.9%, p = 0.037), 40 kg (10.1%, p = 0.035), and 50 kg (8.2%, p = 0.044) after the resistance training. However, the group that participated in the aerobic training failed to show any significant changes in power performance during either the deadlift or deadlift high pull. Conclusion: Three months of resistance training enhances power outputs during a lifting task with weights from 30 to 50 kg (~40–60% of 1-repetition maximum) in the overweight and obese. Because this test was sensitive in revealing pre-post training changes in lifting performance, it should be implemented in the functional diagnostics for overweight and obese individuals and also complement existing testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zemková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Ol'ga Kyselovičová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Jeleň
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Kováčiková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Gábor Ollé
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Gabriela Štefániková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Tomáš Vilman
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81469, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Baláž
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 83306, Slovakia.
| | - Timea Kurdiová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 83306, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 83306, Slovakia.
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 83306, Slovakia.
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Karnes
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - John C Hagedorn
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - David F Hubbard
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity and onset time of hip extensors during a closed kinetic chain exercise (deadlift) at sub-maximal loads of 30%, 40%, 50%, and 75% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Twelve healthy males with at least three years of resistance training experience volunteered for the study. Biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus maximus (GM) muscle activity, onset time, peak and mean power were measured during the concentric phase of the deadlift. There was no main effect (p > 0.05) or no interaction effect for the onset time in BF and GM and for each load BF and GM had similar muscle activity. Increasing the external load during deadlift had no adverse effect on the relative onset time and it did not promote BF onset to occur before GM onset, thus both muscles were simultaneously activated, which should not compromise a delay in GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl J Cochrane
- a School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Aasa B, Berglund L, Michaelson P, Aasa U. Individualized low-load motor control exercises and education versus a high-load lifting exercise and education to improve activity, pain intensity, and physical performance in patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015; 45:77-85, B1-4. [PMID: 25641309 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. BACKGROUND Low back pain is a common disorder. Patients with low back pain frequently have aberrant and pain-provocative movement patterns that often are addressed with motor control exercises. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of low-load motor control (LMC) exercise and those of a high-load lifting (HLL) exercise. METHODS Seventy participants with recurrent low back pain, who were diagnosed with nociceptive mechanical pain as their dominating pain pattern, were randomized to either LMC or HLL exercise treatments. Participants were offered 12 treatment sessions over an 8-week period. All participants were also provided with education regarding pain mechanisms. METHODS Participants were assessed prior to and following treatment. The primary outcome measures were activity (the Patient-Specific Functional Scale) and average pain intensity over the last 7 days (visual analog scale). The secondary outcome measure was a physical performance test battery that included 1 strength, 3 endurance, and 7 movement control tests for the lumbopelvic region. RESULTS Both interventions resulted in significant within-group improvements in pain intensity, strength, and endurance. The LMC group showed significantly greater improvement on the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (4.2 points) compared with the HLL group (2.5 points) (P<.001). There were no significant between-group differences in pain intensity (P=.505), strength, and 1 of the 3 endurance tests. However, the LMC group showed an increase (from 2.9 to 5.9) on the movement control test subscale, whereas the HLL group showed no change (from 3.9 to 3.1) (P<.001). CONCLUSION An LMC intervention may result in superior outcomes in activity, movement control, and muscle endurance compared to an HLL intervention, but not in pain intensity, strength, or endurance. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01061632). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapy, level 2b-.
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