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Guo Y, Yang Y, Xu Y, Meng Y, Ye J, Xia X, Liu Y. Deformable Nanovesicle-Loaded Gel for Buccal Insulin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112262. [PMID: 36365081 PMCID: PMC9699007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) have been widely used in oral mucosal delivery studies of biomolecular drugs. However, their development for oral mucosal preparations has been limited by their physical and chemical instability, the need for small oral volumes, and the complexity of the oral microenvironment. This study aimed to develop a more suitable buccal delivery system for DNVs with improved storage stability. Preliminary stability studies investigated different gel types, the effects of different hydrophilic gel matrices, and matrix temperature sensitivity using DNVs loaded with insulin-phospholipid complex (IPC-DNVs). A temperature-sensitive gel encapsulating IPC-DNVs (IPC-DNV-TSG) prepared with 2% w/v gelatin was stable at 4 °C for three months and maintained an excellent hypoglycemic effect. The delivery efficiency of IPC-DNVs and IPC-DNV-TSG was compared using a TR146 cell model, revealing that cell viability remained high. Cellular uptake was slightly lower for IPC-DNV-TSG than for IPC-DNVs, but total transport did not differ significantly between the two groups, which may have been related to the viscosity of IPC-DNV-TSG and the hydrophilicity, cell adhesion properties, and biocompatibility of gelatin. Moreover, neither IPC-DNVs nor IPC-DNV-TSG induced significant mucosal irritation in rabbit tongue tissue sections. The study findings demonstrate a promising method for possible use as oral mucosal delivery of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8316-0332; Fax: +86-10-6315-9373
| | - Yuling Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Yang Y, Guo Y, Xu Y, Meng Y, Zhang X, Xia X, Liu Y. Factors affecting the buccal delivery of deformable nanovesicles based on insulin-phospholipid complex: an in vivo investigation. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:900-908. [PMID: 32597266 PMCID: PMC8216447 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1778814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) have been used in the buccal delivery of biomacromolecules due to their ability to enhance drug penetration. However, no breakthroughs have been made until now due to limited understanding of the factors affecting in vivo buccal delivery. In this study, we designed a series of DNVs, based on an insulin-phospholipid complex (IPC-DNVs), to investigate the influence of drug dose, buccal administration methods, and key quality characteristics of IPC-DNVs for buccal delivery. IPC-DNVs showed a non-linear dose-response relationship between 8 and 12 IU. There was no significant effect of drug delivery site (sublingual mucosa/buccal mucosa) or ligation time (15 or 30 min) on buccal absorption of IPC-DNVs. However, the area above the curve of reduction in blood glucose level overtime (AAC0-6h) for oral mucosa administration was significantly higher than that for buccal mucosa administration. Increasing the drug concentration in IPC-DNVs led to a decrease in AAC0-6h. This might be due to local leakage of DNVs, while squeezing through biological barriers with high concentration of insulin, thus hindering the subsequent delivery of DNVs. IPC-DNVs, measuring 80-220 nm in size, did not significantly affect AAC0-6h. However, when the size was increased to approximately 400 nm, AAC0-6h decreased, thus suggesting that IPC-DNVs with reasonable size were more effective. Additionally, increased deformability of IPC-DNVs might cause drugs to leak easily, thus reducing the promoting effect of buccal absorption. Our results clarified the effect of characteristics of IPC-DNVs on buccal delivery in vivo and provided meaningful support for the design of dosage form of DNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - You Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingying Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - YuLing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Xu Y, Guo Y, Yang Y, Meng Y, Xia X, Liu Y. Stabilization of Deformable Nanovesicles Based on Insulin-Phospholipid Complex by Freeze-Drying. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E539. [PMID: 31623287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deformable nanovesicles have been extensively investigated due to their excellent ability to penetrate biological barriers. However, suffering from serious physical and chemical instabilities, the wide use of deformable nanovesicles in medical applications is still limited. Moreover, far less work has been done to pursue the lyophilization of deformable nanovesicles. Here, we aimed to obtain stable deformable nanovesicles via freeze-drying technology and to uncover the underlying protection mechanisms. Firstly, the density of nanovesicles before freeze-drying, the effect of different kinds of cryoprotectants, and the types of different reconstituted solvents after lyophilization were investigated in detail to obtain stable deformable nanovesicles based on insulin-phospholipid complex (IPC-DNVs). To further investigate the underlying protection mechanisms, we performed a variety of analyses. We found that deformable nanovesicles at a low density containing 8% lactose and trehalose in a ratio of 1:4 (8%-L-T) have a spherical shape, smooth surface morphology in the lyophilized state, a whorl-like structure, high entrapment efficiency, and deformability after reconstitution. Importantly, the integrity of IPC, as well as the secondary structure of insulin, were well protected. Accelerated stability studies demonstrated that 8%-L-T remained highly stable during storage for 6 months at 25 °C. Based on in vivo results, lyophilized IPC-DNVs retained their bioactivity and had good efficacy. Given the convenience of preparation and long term stability, the use of combined cryoprotectants in a proper ratio to protect stable nanovesicles indicates strong potential for industrial production.
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Pathak K, Sharma V, Sharma M. Optimization, in vitro cytotoxicity and penetration capability of deformable nanovesicles of paclitaxel for dermal chemotherapy in Kaposi sarcoma. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2015; 44:1671-83. [PMID: 26360303 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1080169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although much research has been published on ways to overcome the low oral bioavailability of paclitaxel, exploration of novel drug delivery systems that can target paclitaxel deep in to the dermal areas in AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) have not yet been reported. Our aim was to develop deformable nanovesicles of paclitaxel capable of being used in dermal chemotherapy, especially deep into the dermal areas of AIDS related KS. Deformable nanovesicular formulations (TS1-TS15) composed of soya lecithin and span80 were prepared by the rotary evaporation sonication method within the constraints of our Box-Behnken design. The formulations were subjected to vesicle characterization and ex vivo permeation. The optimized vesicular suspension was formulated as a gel and assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity and penetration characteristics by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). TS9 with vesicle size characteristics of 185.76 ± 2.15 nm, zeta potential of -23.2 mV, deformability index = 138.02 and cumulative drug permeation of 89.80 ± 1.84% was identified as the optimized formulation. TEM revealed spherical vesicles with firm boundaries that were stable at 4 °C. TS9 was developed as carbopol 934P gel (TG) and compared with the control gel (CG) made with the pure drug (paclitaxel). TG showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vitro drug permeation and flux compared to the CG. In vitro cytotoxicity study on KSY-1 cell lines revealed higher IC50 (≤17) for TS against IC50 ≤19 for TG. CLSM confirmed the penetrating potential of transfersomes via TG to the dermal layers of skin, the proposed target site. Conclusively, deformable nonovesicles of paclitaxel appear as a feasible alternative to the conventional formulations of paclitaxel in the management of AIDS-related KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamla Pathak
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy , N.H. #2, Delhi-Mathura Road, P.O. Chhatikara , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy , N.H. #2, Delhi-Mathura Road, P.O. Chhatikara , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy , N.H. #2, Delhi-Mathura Road, P.O. Chhatikara , Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India
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