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Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Yu F, Zhao R, Lai X, Jiang H, Xu T, Zhao Y, Zhang R. Investigation of In Vitro Cytocompatibility of Zinc-Containing Coatings Developed on Medical Magnesium Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:209. [PMID: 38204062 PMCID: PMC10779706 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In a neutral solution, we investigated the effects of Na2[ZnEDTA] concentrations at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g/L on surface morphology, chemical composition, degradation resistance, and in vitro cytocompatibility of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings developed on WE43 (Mg-Y-Nd-Zr) magnesium alloys. The results show that the enhanced Na2[ZnEDTA] concentration increased the Zn amount but slightly decreased the degradation resistance of MAO-treated coatings. Among the zinc-containing MAO samples, the fabricated sample in the base solution added 6 g/L Na2[ZnEDTA] exhibits the smallest corrosion current density (6.84 × 10-7 A·cm-2), while the sample developed in the solution added 24 g/L Na2[ZnEDTA] and contains the highest Zn content (3.64 wt.%) but exhibits the largest corrosion current density (1.39 × 10-6 A·cm-2). Compared to untreated WE43 magnesium alloys, zinc-containing MAO samples promote initial cell adhesion and spreading and reveal enhanced cell viability. Coating degradation resistance plays a more important role in osseogenic ability than Zn content. Among the untreated WE43 magnesium alloys and the treated MAO samples, the sample developed in the base solution with 6 g/L Na2[ZnEDTA] reveals the highest ALP expression at 14 d. Our results indicate that the MAO samples formed in the solution with Na2[ZnEDTA] promoted degradation resistance and osseogenesis differentiation of the WE43 magnesium alloys, suggesting potential clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- R & D Department, Zhejiang Ruigu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Fanglei Yu
- Zhejiang Canwell Medical Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321000, China;
| | - Rongfang Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Xinying Lai
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Haijun Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Tianhong Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Rongfa Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (H.J.); (T.X.)
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Goossens N, Lambrinou K, Tunca B, Kotasthane V, Rodríguez González MC, Bazylevska A, Persson POÅ, De Feyter S, Radovic M, Molina-Lopez F, Vleugels J. Upscaled Synthesis Protocol for Phase-Pure, Colloidally Stable MXenes with Long Shelf Lives. Small Methods 2023:e2300776. [PMID: 37806774 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are electrically conductive 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides obtained by the etching of nanolaminated MAX phase compounds, followed by exfoliation to single- or few-layered nanosheets. The mainstream chemical etching processes have evolved from pure hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching into the innovative "minimally intensive layer delamination" (MILD) route. Despite their current popularity and remarkable application potential, the scalability of MILD-produced MXenes remains unproven, excluding MXenes from industrial applications. This work proposes a "next-generation MILD" (NGMILD) synthesis protocol for phase-pure, colloidally stable MXenes that withstand long periods of dry storage. NGMILD incorporates the synergistic effects of a secondary salt, a richer lithium (Li) environment, and iterative alcohol-based washing to achieve high-purity MXenes, while improving etching efficiency, intercalation, and shelf life. Moreover, NGMILD comprises a sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) post-treatment for the selective removal of the Li3 AlF6 impurity that commonly persists in MILD-produced MXenes. This work demonstrates the upscaled NGMILD synthesis of (50 g) phase-pure Ti3 C2 Tz MXene clays with high extraction yields (>22%) of supernatant dispersions. Finally, NGMILD-produced MXene clays dry-stored for six months under ambient conditions experience minimal degradation, while retaining excellent redispersibility. Overall, the NGMILD protocol is a leap forward toward the industrial production of MXenes and their subsequent market deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Goossens
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE-3001, Belgium
| | - Konstantina Lambrinou
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Bensu Tunca
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE-3001, Belgium
| | - Vrushali Kotasthane
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX-77843, USA
| | | | | | - Per O Å Persson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | | | - Miladin Radovic
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX-77843, USA
| | | | - Jozef Vleugels
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, BE-3001, Belgium
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Liu L, He S, Guo Z, Li J, Zhao M, Wu Y. Enhancing Degradation Resistance of Biomedical Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr Alloy by the Incorporation of Nanodiamond. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6707. [PMID: 36234047 PMCID: PMC9571488 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr (ZK60) alloy has attracted extensive attention as one of the hopeful biomedical material candidates for bone implant applications on account of its unique degradability, favorable biocompatibility as well as mechanical compatibility. Nevertheless, the rapid degradation rate in the biological environment is the major hurdle for its clinical application in the field of bone implants. In this study, nanodiamond (ND) was incorporated into ZK60 alloy via selective laser melting technology to enhance its degradation resistance. The results showed that compared with selective laser-melted ZK60 (SLMed ZK60), the selective laser-melted ZK60 with 6 wt.% ND (SLMed ZK60-6ND) possessed the better degradation resistance with the lower degradation rate of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm/year. The enhancement of the degradation resistance was attributed to the fact that ND could promote the deposition of apatite and build up a dense and insoluble protective layer through the dissociation of the carboxyl groups on the ND surface, which could effectively hinder the further degradation of the Mg matrix. Meanwhile, the compressive strength and hardness were improved mainly due to grain refinement strengthening and ND dispersion strengthening. In addition, the SLMed ZK60-6ND possessed good cytocompatibility. These results suggested that the SLMed ZK60-6ND, with enhanced degradation resistance, improved mechanical properties, and good cytocompatibility, was an excellent biomedical material candidate for bone implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Shun He
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Mingchun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
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Sela R, Laviad-Shitrit S, Thorat L, Nath BB, Halpern M. Chironomus ramosus Larval Microbiome Composition Provides Evidence for the Presence of Detoxifying Enzymes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1571. [PMID: 34442650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chironomids (Diptera; Chironomidae) are aquatic insects that are abundant in freshwater. We aimed to study the endogenous microbiota composition of Chironomus ramosus larvae that were sampled from the Mutha River and a laboratory culture in India. Furthermore, we performed a metagenomic analysis of the larval microbiome, sampled from the Mutha River. Significant differences were found between the bacterial community composition of C. ramosus larvae that were sampled from the Mutha River and the laboratory culture. A total of 54.7% of the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were identified in the larvae from the Mutha River were unique, compared to only 12.9% of unique ASVs that were identified from the laboratory-reared larvae. The four most abundant phyla across all samples were: Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, while the nine most abundant genera were: Aeromonas, Alkanindiges, Breznakia, Cetobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Dysgonomonas, Thiothrix, and Vibrio. Moreover, in the metagenomic analysis, we detected bacterial genes and bacterial pathways that demonstrated the ability to degrade different toxic compounds, detoxify metal, and confer resistance to antibiotics and UV radiation, amongst other functions. The results illuminate the fact that there are detoxifying enzymes in the C. ramosus larval microbiome that possibly play a role in protecting the insect in polluted environments.
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Rahman MM, Balu R, Abraham A, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Engineering a Bioactive Hybrid Coating for In Vitro Corrosion Control of Magnesium and Its Alloy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:5542-5555. [PMID: 35006741 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are promising biodegradable metallic implant materials. However, their clinical applications are limited by their fast corrosion rate in the biological environment. In this work, with an outlook to improve the in vitro corrosion resistance of Mg and WE43 Mg alloy, a layer-by-layer interfacially engineered anticorrosive and bioactive coating consisting of a natural oxide lower layer, hydroxyapatite (HA) middle layer, and silk fibroin (SF) top layer was fabricated and investigated. Anodization was used to create natural oxide layer induced microroughness on substrates. The electrochemically deposited HA layer improved the surface microroughness and microhardness but significantly decreased Mg ion release, hydrogen gas evolution, and weight loss in simulated body fluid. The spin-coated SF layer further decreased hydrophilicity, in vitro degradation, and corrosion rate. The nonspecific and specific intermolecular interactions between fabricated layers along with their mechanical interlocking interface contributed to improved adhesion strength and integrity of the coating. The SF+HA-coated samples showed enhanced degradation and corrosion resistance due to a synergistic effect of the underlying HA layer, hindering the ingress of aggressive ions and the top hydrophobic SF layer, preventing the ingress of corrosive solution. The SF+HA-coated Mg and WE43 Mg alloy samples exhibited 50 and 26 times decreased corrosion rate, respectively, compared to uncoated samples. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity and cell culture studies using a mouse fibroblast cell showed that the SF+HA hybrid coating improved the cell viability, attachment, and proliferation, with cells exhibiting elongated morphology on coated samples as compared to a round shape on uncoated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amanda Abraham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Shuai C, Wang B, Bin S, Peng S, Gao C. TiO 2-Induced In Situ Reaction in Graphene Oxide-Reinforced AZ61 Biocomposites to Enhance the Interfacial Bonding. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:23464-23473. [PMID: 32345014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) can improve the degradation resistance of biomedical Mg alloy because of its excellent impermeability and outstanding chemical inertness. However, the weak interfacial bonding between GO and Mg matrix leads to easily detaching during degradation. In this study, in situ reaction induced by TiO2 took place in the AZ61-GO biocomposite to enhance the interfacial bonding between GO and Mg matrix. For the specific process, TiO2 was uniformly and tightly deposited onto the GO surface by hydrothermal reaction (TiO2/GO) first and then used for fabricating AZ61-TiO2/GO biocomposites by selective laser melting (SLM). Results showed that TiO2 was in situ reduced by magnesiothermic reaction during SLM process, and the reduzate Ti, on the one hand, reacted with Al in the AZ61 matrix to form TiAl2 and, on the other hand, reacted with GO to form TiC at the AZ61-GO interface. Owing to the enhanced interfacial bonding, the AZ61-TiO2/GO biocomposite showed 12.5% decrease in degradation rate and 10.1% increase in compressive strength as compared with the AZ61-GO biocomposite. Moreover, the AZ61-TiO2/GO biocomposite also showed good cytocompatibility because of the slowed degradation. These findings may provide guidance for the interfacial enhancement in GO/metal composites for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shizhen Bin
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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