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Luro AB, Hauber ME. Pressure for rapid and accurate mate recognition promotes avian-perceived plumage sexual dichromatism in true thrushes (genus: Turdus). J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1558-1567. [PMID: 36196886 PMCID: PMC9828161 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecological conditions limiting the time to find a compatible mate or increasing the difficulty in doing so likely promote the evolution of traits used for species and mate recognition. In addition to interspecific character displacement signalling species identity, intraspecific traits that signal an individual's sex and breeding status reduce the challenge of identifying a compatible conspecific mate and should be more common in migratory rather than sedentary species, species with shorter breeding seasons and species breeding under high sympatry with many closely related heterospecifics. Here, we tested this recognition hypothesis for promoting plumage sexual dichromatism in the true thrushes (Turdus spp.), a large and diverse genus of passerine birds. We used receptor-noise limited models of avian vision to quantify avian-perceived chromatic and achromatic visual contrasts between male and female plumage patches and tested the influence of breeding season length, spatial distribution and sympatry with other Turdus species on plumage dichromatism. As predicted, we found that (1) true thrush species with migratory behaviour have greater plumage sexual dichromatism than non-migratory species, (2) species with longer breeding seasons have less plumage sexual dichromatism, and (3) greater numbers of Turdus thrush species breeding in sympatry is associated with more plumage sexual dichromatism. These results suggest that social recognition systems, including species and mate recognition, play a prominent role in the evolution of plumage sexual dichromatism in true thrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Luro
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Mark E. Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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2
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Vincze O, Vágási CI, Pénzes J, Szabó K, Magonyi NM, Czirják GÁ, Pap PL. Sexual dimorphism in immune function and oxidative physiology across birds: The role of sexual selection. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:958-970. [PMID: 35106902 PMCID: PMC9305230 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex‐specific physiology is commonly reported in animals, often indicating lower immune indices and higher oxidative stress in males than in females. Sexual selection is argued to explain these differences, but empirical evidence is limited. Here, we explore sex differences in immunity, oxidative physiology and packed cell volume of wild, adult, breeding birds (97 species, 1997 individuals, 14 230 physiological measurements). We show that higher female immune indices are most common across birds (when bias is present), but oxidative physiology shows no general sex‐bias and packed cell volume is generally male‐biased. In contrast with predictions based on sexual selection, male‐biased sexual size dimorphism is associated with male‐biased immune measures. Sexual dichromatism, mating system and parental roles had no effect on sex‐specificity in physiology. Importantly, female‐biased immunity remained after accounting for sexual selection indices. We conclude that cross‐species differences in physiological sex‐bias are largely unrelated to sexual selection and alternative explanations should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Vincze
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Debrecen, Hungary.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csongor I Vágási
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Janka Pénzes
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Krisztián Szabó
- Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra M Magonyi
- Doctoral School of Biology and Sportbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Péter L Pap
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Janas K, Gaweł P, Łatkiewicz A, Lutyk D, Gustafsson L, Cichoń M, Drobniak SM. Sexual dichromatism, size dimorphism, and microscale anatomy of white wing stripe in blue tits. Curr Zool 2021; 67:585-596. [PMID: 34805536 PMCID: PMC8599086 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromatic patches are a common element of plumage patterns in many bird species and there is growing body of evidence that in many avian taxa they can play a signaling role in mate choice. Although the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus is a well-established model species in the studies on coloration, its white wing patch has never been examined in the context of sex-specific trait expression. In this exploratory study, we examined sexual size dimorphism and dichromatism of greater covert’s dots creating white wing patch and analyzed its correlations with current body condition and crown coloration—a trait with established role in sexual selection. Further, we qualitatively analyzed microstructural barb morphology underlying covert’s coloration. We found significant sexual dimorphism in the dot size independent of covert size and sexual dichromatism in both white dot and blue outer covert’s vane spectral characteristics. Internal structure of covert barbs within the white dot was similar to the one found in barbs from the blue part that is, with a medullary area consisting of dead keratinocytes containing channel-type ß-keratin spongy nanostructure and centrally located air cavities. However, it lacked melanosomes which was the main observed difference. Importantly, UV chroma of covert’s blue vane was positively correlated with crown UV chroma and current condition (the latter only in males), which should be a premise for further research on the signal function of the wing stripe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Janas
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30- 387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Gaweł
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30- 387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Łatkiewicz
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Lutyk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30- 387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lars Gustafsson
- Department of Animal Ecology/Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariusz Cichoń
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30- 387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30- 387, Kraków, Poland.,School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of New South Wales, Biological Sciences Building (D26), Kensington Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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4
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van der Bijl W, Zeuss D, Chazot N, Tunström K, Wahlberg N, Wiklund C, Fitzpatrick JL, Wheat CW. Butterfly dichromatism primarily evolved via Darwin's, not Wallace's, model. Evol Lett 2020; 4:545-555. [PMID: 33312689 PMCID: PMC7719551 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is typically thought to result from sexual selection for elaborated male traits, as proposed by Darwin. However, natural selection could reduce expression of elaborated traits in females, as proposed by Wallace. Darwin and Wallace debated the origins of dichromatism in birds and butterflies, and although evidence in birds is roughly equal, if not in favor of Wallace's model, butterflies lack a similar scale of study. Here, we present a large‐scale comparative phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of butterfly coloration, using all European non‐hesperiid butterfly species (n = 369). We modeled evolutionary changes in coloration for each species and sex along their phylogeny, thereby estimating the rate and direction of evolution in three‐dimensional color space using a novel implementation of phylogenetic ridge regression. We show that male coloration evolved faster than female coloration, especially in strongly dichromatic clades, with male contribution to changes in dichromatism roughly twice that of females. These patterns are consistent with a classic Darwinian model of dichromatism via sexual selection on male coloration, suggesting this model was the dominant driver of dichromatism in European butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van der Bijl
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden.,Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Dirk Zeuss
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden.,Department of Environmental Informatics Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg DE-35032 Germany
| | - Nicolas Chazot
- Department of Biology University of Lund Lund SE-22362 Sweden.,Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala SE-75007 Sweden
| | - Kalle Tunström
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology University of Lund Lund SE-22362 Sweden
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden
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Méndez-Janovitz M, Gonzalez-Voyer A, Macías Garcia C. Sexually selected sexual selection: Can evolutionary retribution explain female ornamental colour? J Evol Biol 2019; 32:833-843. [PMID: 31070826 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
By preferring mates with increasingly costly ornaments or courtship displays, females cause an escalation of male reproductive costs. Such increased costs should promote male selectivity based on fecundity-linked female attributes, leading to female ornamentation in species with traditional sex roles. Consequently, female ornamentation should evolve more frequently in taxa where male reproduction is costly than in comparable taxa where it is cheaper. We assessed the prevalence of female ornamental colouration in two clades of viviparous cyprinodontid fish: the Goodeinae, where stringent female choice imposes male mating costs, and the Poeciliinae, whose males can circumvent female mate choice. We found that although in the Poeciliinae female ornamental colour is a correlated, but paler version of male coloration, females of the Goodeinae often display vivid ornamental colours that are distinct from those of males. Thus, male and female ornaments are not (phylo)genetically correlated in the Goodeinae. Furthermore, phylogenetic signal on male and female colour is clearly detectable in the Poeciliinae, but absent in the Goodeinae, suggesting that ornamental colour of males and females in the latter may be the consequence of selection. Given that enforceable female choice has promoted male ornaments, we propose that evolutionary retribution has promoted distinct female ornaments in the Goodeinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Méndez-Janovitz
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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Abstract
Plant colors such as 'green leaf' and 'red apple' are often described based on human sense, even in scientific papers. On the other hand, colors are measured based on colorimetric principles in some papers, especially in the studies of horticultural plants. The science of color measurements ('colorimetry') is not included in any of the popular lectures in schools and universities, thus the principles of color measurements would not be understood by most researchers. The present review will overview the principles of colorimetry, and will introduce colorimetric methods which can be used for scientific measurement of plant colors. That is to say, the reflection spectrum of visible light (380-780 nm) is measured at 5-nm intervals on the surface of leaves or petals in 'Spectrometric Color Measurement' (SCM). The spectral data is multiplied with RGB or XYZ color matching functions and integrated to obtain RGB or XYZ intensities. Alternatively, approximate RGB values are directly obtained in 'Photographic Color Measurement' (PCM). RGB/XYZ intensities are further calculated to obtain 'hue', 'saturation', and 'lightness', the three factors of colors. Colorimetric insights into genetic regulations (such as MYB gene) and physiological regulations (such as alexandrite effect) of plant colors are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kasajima
- Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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7
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Cooney CR, MacGregor HEA, Seddon N, Tobias JA. Multi-modal signal evolution in birds: re-examining a standard proxy for sexual selection. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1557. [PMID: 30333209 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is proposed to be an important driver of speciation and phenotypic diversification in animal systems. However, previous phylogenetic tests have produced conflicting results, perhaps because they have focused on a single signalling modality (visual ornaments), whereas sexual selection may act on alternative signalling modalities (e.g. acoustic ornaments). Here, we compile phenotypic data from 259 avian sister species pairs to assess the relationship between visible plumage dichromatism-a standard index of sexual selection in birds-and macroevolutionary divergence in the other major avian signalling modality: song. We find evidence for a strong negative relationship between the degree of plumage dichromatism and divergence in song traits, which remains significant even when accounting for other key factors, including habitat type, ecological divergence and interspecific interactions. This negative relationship is opposite to the pattern expected by a straightforward interpretation of the sexual selection-diversification hypothesis, whereby higher levels of dichromatism indicating strong sexual selection should be related to greater levels of mating signal divergence regardless of signalling modality. Our findings imply a 'trade-off' between the elaboration of visual ornaments and the diversification of acoustic mating signals, and suggest that the effects of sexual selection on diversification can only be determined by considering multiple alternative signalling modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cooney
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK .,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Hannah E A MacGregor
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Nathalie Seddon
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
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