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Castilla-Ibeas A, Zdral S, Galán L, Haro E, Allou L, Campa VM, Icardo JM, Mundlos S, Oberg KC, Ros MA. Failure of digit tip regeneration in the absence of Lmx1b suggests Lmx1b functions disparate from dorsoventral polarity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111975. [PMID: 36641754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian digit tip regeneration is linked to the presence of nail tissue, but a nail-explicit model is missing. Here, we report that nail-less double-ventral digits of ΔLARM1/2 mutants that lack limb-specific Lmx1b enhancers fail to regenerate. To separate the nail's effect from the lack of dorsoventral (DV) polarity, we also interrogate double-dorsal double-nail digits and show that they regenerate. Thus, DV polarity is not a prerequisite for regeneration, and the nail requirement is supported. Transcriptomic comparison between wild-type and non-regenerative ΔLARM1/2 mutant blastemas reveals differential upregulation of vascularization and connective tissue functional signatures in wild type versus upregulation of inflammation in the mutant. These results, together with the finding of Lmx1b expression in the postnatal dorsal dermis underneath the nail and uniformly in the regenerative blastema, open the possibility of additional Lmx1b roles in digit tip regeneration, in addition to the indirect effect of mediating the formation of the nail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castilla-Ibeas
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC; CSIC-SODERCAN-UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Sofía Zdral
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC; CSIC-SODERCAN-UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Galán
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC; CSIC-SODERCAN-UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Endika Haro
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC; CSIC-SODERCAN-UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Lila Allou
- RG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Víctor M Campa
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC; CSIC-SODERCAN-UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Jose M Icardo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- RG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC; CSIC-SODERCAN-UC), Santander, Spain.
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Dastagir N, Beal Z, Godwin J. Tissue origin of cytotoxic natural killer cells dictates their differential roles in mouse digit tip regeneration and progenitor cell survival. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:633-648. [PMID: 35120621 PMCID: PMC9039750 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of amputated digit tips relies on mesenchymal progenitor cells and their differentiation into replacement bone and tissue stroma. Natural killer (NK) cells have well-characterized roles in antigen-independent killing of virally infected, pre-tumorous, or stressed cells; however, the potential for cytotoxic activity against regenerative progenitor cells is unclear. We identified NK cell recruitment to the regenerating digit tip, and NK cytotoxicity was observed against osteoclast and osteoblast progenitors. Adoptive cell transplants of spleen NK (SpNK) or thymus NK (ThNK) donor cells into immunodeficient mice demonstrated ThNK cell-induced apoptosis with a reduction in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and proliferative cells, resulting in inhibition of regeneration. Adoptive transfer of NK cells deficient in NK cell activation genes identified that promotion of regeneration by SpNK cells requires Ncr1, whereas inhibition by ThNK cells is mediated via Klrk1 and perforin. Successful future therapies aimed at enhancing regeneration will require a deeper understanding of progenitor cell protection from NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjib Dastagir
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Salisbury Cove, ME 04609, USA,Medical School of Hanover, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | - Zachery Beal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - James Godwin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Salisbury Cove, ME 04609, USA,Corresponding author
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Maan ZN, Rinkevich Y, Barrera J, Chen K, Henn D, Foster D, Bonham CA, Padmanabhan J, Sivaraj D, Duscher D, Hu M, Yan K, Januszyk M, Longaker MT, Weissman IL, Gurtner GC. Epidermal-Derived Hedgehog Signaling Drives Mesenchymal Proliferation during Digit Tip Regeneration. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184261. [PMID: 34575372 PMCID: PMC8467649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand injuries often result in significant functional impairments and are rarely completely restored. The spontaneous regeneration of injured appendages, which occurs in salamanders and newts, for example, has been reported in human fingertips after distal amputation, but this type of regeneration is rare in mammals and is incompletely understood. Here, we study fingertip regeneration by amputating murine digit tips, either distally to initiate regeneration, or proximally, causing fibrosis. Using an unbiased microarray analysis, we found that digit tip regeneration is significantly associated with hair follicle differentiation, Wnt, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways. Viral over-expression and genetic knockouts showed the functional significance of these pathways during regeneration. Using transgenic reporter mice, we demonstrated that, while both canonical Wnt and HH signaling were limited to epidermal tissues, downstream hedgehog signaling (through Gli) occurred in mesenchymal tissues. These findings reveal a mechanism for epidermal/mesenchyme interactions, governed by canonical hedgehog signaling, during digit regeneration. Further research into these pathways could lead to improved therapeutic outcomes after hand injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshaan N Maan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Regenerative Biology & Medicine, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Janos Barrera
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deshka Foster
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clark Andrew Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jagannath Padmanabhan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, BG-Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelley Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Abstract
Digit tip regeneration is one of the few examples of true multi-tissue regeneration in an adult mammal. The key step in this process is the formation of the blastema, a transient proliferating cell mass that generates the different cell types of the digit to replicate the original structure. Failure to form the blastema results in a lack of regeneration and has been postulated to be the reason why mammalian limbs cannot regrow following amputation. Understanding how the blastema forms and functions will help us to determine what is required for mammalian regeneration to occur and will provide insights into potential therapies for mammalian tissue regeneration and repair. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that influence murine blastema formation and govern digit tip regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekayla A Storer
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Freda D Miller
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1A8.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1A8.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 1A8
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Abstract
Limb regeneration is a complex yet fascinating process observed to some extent in many animal species, though seen in its entirety in urodele amphibians. Accomplished by formation of a morphologically uniform intermediate, the blastema, scientists have long attempted to define the cellular constituents that enable regrowth of a functional appendage. Today, we know that the blastema consists of a variety of multipotent progenitor cells originating from a variety of tissues, and which contribute to limb tissue regeneration in a lineage-restricted manner. By continuing to dissect the role of stem cells in limb regeneration, we can hope to one day modulate the human response to limb amputation and facilitate regrowth of a working replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Zielins
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Tripp E Leavitt
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA.,b Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
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