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Schilter KF, Kapoor S, Smith BA, Saleem A, Scott SJ, Batchelor D, Stoll KA, Nie Q, Reddi HV. Evaluating direct amplification from viral transport medium for SARS-CoV-2 detection, strain typing, and angiotensin-converting enzyme genotyping and expression assays. Lab Med 2024; 55:267-270. [PMID: 37565752 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the performance of direct amplification of viral nucleic acid from transport medium to extracted nucleic acid for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and genotyping applications. METHODS XpressAmp lysate and extracted total nucleic acid from viral transport medium containing nasopharyngeal specimens were evaluated across different molecular applications to determine performance characteristics. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 quantitative PCR and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotyping assays worked well with XpressAmp lysate, almost equal with or better than extracted nucleic acid in some specimens. However, XpressAmp completely failed to perform in next-generation sequencing for strain typing. Both protocols failed to detect ACE2 expression in viral transport medium. CONCLUSION Direct amplification of viral nucleic acid from viral transport medium containing nasopharyngeal specimen works well for molecular assays with low thresholds of quality; however, it does have limitations with assays that require high quality nucleic acid for input. Use of the XpressAmp protocol significantly improves turnaround time and allows for easy ramp-up of PCR and genotyping assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala F Schilter
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Shivani Kapoor
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Brandon A Smith
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Ayofemi Saleem
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Samantha J Scott
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Dana Batchelor
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Kathryn A Stoll
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Qian Nie
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Honey V Reddi
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
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Wichian P, Yamsri S, Sanchaisuriya K, Fucharoen S. Direct Amplification of Whole Blood and Amniotic Fluid Specimens for Prenatal and Postnatal Diagnosis of Hb E-β 0-Thalassemia Diseases. Lab Med 2021; 52:460-468. [PMID: 33528513 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of hemoglobin E-β 0-thalassemia can be made using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis mostly on purified DNA. We have establihed a direct amplification method without DNA extraction on whole blood (WB) and amniotic fluid (AF) specimens to diagnose the disease. METHODS Three reactions of WB PCR assays and 7 reactions of AF PCR tests were developed for postnatal and prenatal diagnosis, respectively. Assays were validated against routine tests in a blinded trial. RESULTS The results showed 100% concordance with routine DNA PCR assays. Among 309 β-thalassemia carriers, 191 patients (61.8%) carried common β-thalassemia mutations. Among 448 AF specimens, 116 (25.9%) fetuses were found to be affected, 247 (55.1%) fetuses were carriers, and 85 (19%) fetuses were unaffected. CONCLUSION We found that WB and AF PCR assays are simple, rapid, and reliable. The developed techniques could be applicable in routine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phongsathorn Wichian
- Medical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Yamsri
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sanchaisuriya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supan Fucharoen
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Hudson BC, Cox JO, Seashols-Williams SJ, Dawson Cruz T. The effects of dithiothreitol (DTT) on fluorescent qPCR dyes. J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:700-708. [PMID: 33284476 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA extractions of semen samples commonly utilize dithiothreitol (DTT) to reduce and disrupt disulfide bonds. Although traditional extraction techniques remove DTT before downstream analyses, the forensic DNA community has recently explored Y-screening, direct amplification, and direct cell lysis assays that omit purification but employ reducing agents to lyse spermatozoa. This study examined the impact of residual DTT on downstream processes involving fluorescent dyes. Quantification using Investigator® Quantiplex HYres revealed a significant increase in the male DNA yield (p = 0.00056) and a >150,000,000-fold increase in the male:human DNA ratio when DTT remained in extracts versus when it was filtered out using a traditional purification method. When DTT was present with Quantifiler™ Trio, the true mean DNA yield for the large autosomal target significantly increased (p = 0.038) and the average reported DNA yields increased 1.1-fold, >9.5-fold, and 1.3-fold for the small autosomal, large autosomal, and male targets, respectively. DTT-spiked DNA standards from both kits were impacted similarly to samples with residual DTT, demonstrating that observed effects were related to DTT and not the extraction method. This study corroborates other reports that DTT adversely affects multiple dyes (e.g., Cy5, Quasar 670, SYBR Green I, TMR, and Mustang Purple® ). Overall, DTT causes inaccurate quantities and, consequently, inaccurate calculated male:female ratios when used in conjunction with these kits. Thus, implementation of newer direct-to-PCR assays incorporating DTT should either be avoided or used only with carefully evaluated, compatible dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Hudson
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jordan O Cox
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Tracey Dawson Cruz
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Etchebarne BE, Li Z, Stedtfeld RD, Nicholas MC, Williams MR, Johnson TA, Stedtfeld TM, Kostic T, Khalife WT, Tiedje JM, Hashsham SA, Hughes MJ. Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Isothermal Amplification Methods for Human Clinical Microbial Infection Detection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2211. [PMID: 29312154 PMCID: PMC5732957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Battling infection is a major healthcare objective. Untreated infections can rapidly evolve toward the condition of sepsis in which the body begins to fail and resuscitation becomes critical and tenuous. Identification of infection followed by rapid antimicrobial treatment are primary goals of medical care, but precise identification of offending organisms by current methods is slow and broad spectrum empirical therapy is employed to cover most potential pathogens. Current methods for identification of bacterial pathogens in a clinical setting typically require days of time, or a 4- to 8-h growth phase followed by DNA extraction, purification and PCR-based amplification. We demonstrate rapid (70-120 min) genetic diagnostics methods utilizing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to test for 15 common infection pathogen targets, called the Infection Diagnosis Panel (In-Dx). The method utilizes filtration to rapidly concentrate bacteria in sample matrices with lower bacterial loads and direct LAMP amplification without DNA purification from clinical blood, urine, wound, sputum and stool samples. The In-Dx panel was tested using two methods of detection: (1) real-time thermocycler fluorescent detection of LAMP amplification and (2) visual discrimination of color change in the presence of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye following amplification. In total, 239 duplicate samples were collected (31 blood, 122 urine, 73 mucocutaneous wound/swab, 11 sputum and two stool) from 229 prospectively enrolled hospital patients with suspected clinical infection and analyzed both at the hospital and by In-Dx. Sensitivity (Se) of the In-Dx panel targets pathogens from urine samples by In-Dx was 91.1% and specificity (Sp) was 97.3%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 53.7% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.7% as compared to clinical microbial detection methods. Sensitivity of detection of the In-Dx panel from mucocutaneous swab samples was 65.5% with a Sp of 99.3%, and a PPV of 84% and NPV of 98% as compared to clinical microbial detection methods. Results indicate the LAMP-based In-Dx panel allows rapid and precise diagnosis of clinical infections by targeted pathogens across multiple culture types for point-of-care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E Etchebarne
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Section of Emergency Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zenggang Li
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Section of Emergency Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Robert D Stedtfeld
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael C Nicholas
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Section of Emergency Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Maggie R Williams
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- The Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Tiffany M Stedtfeld
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Tanja Kostic
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Walid T Khalife
- Department of Microbiology, Sparrow Laboratories, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James M Tiedje
- The Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,The Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mary J Hughes
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Section of Emergency Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Wang CH, Xu C, Li XQ, Wu Y, Du Z. [Individual Identification of Cartilage by Direct Amplification in Mass Disasters]. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:281-283. [PMID: 29230995 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5619.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effectiveness of direct amplification for the STR analysis of cartilage, and to accelerate the effectiveness of disaster victim identification. METHODS Eighty-eight cartilage samples were directly amplified by PowerPle® 21 kit, and the results of genotyping were compared with that obtained by the magnetic beads method. RESULTS In 88 cartilage samples, the STR genotypes were successfully detected from 84 samples by direct amplification and magnetic beads method, and both the results of genotyping by two method were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Direct amplification with PowerPlex® 21 kit can be used for STR genotyping of cartilages. This method is operated easily and promptly, which has a potential application in the individual identification of mass disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Wang
- Criminal Technology Division, Criminal Police Detachment, Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - C Xu
- Criminal Technology Division, Criminal Police Detachment, Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - X Q Li
- Criminal Technology Division, Criminal Police Detachment, Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Y Wu
- Criminal Technology Division, Criminal Police Detachment, Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Z Du
- Criminal Technology Division, Criminal Police Detachment, Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, Shenzhen 518040, China
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Altshuler H, Roy R. Evaluation of Direct PCR Amplification Using Various Swabs and Washing Reagents. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:1542-52. [PMID: 26331283 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA profiles were generated via direct amplification from blood and saliva samples deposited on various types of swab substrates. Each of the six non-FTA substrates used in this research was punched with a Harris 1.2 mm puncher. After 0.1 μL of blood or 0.5 μL saliva, samples were deposited on each of these punches, samples were pretreated with one of four buffers and washing reagents. Amplification was performed using direct and nondirect autosomal and Y-STR kits. Autosomal and Y-STR profiles were successfully generated from most of these substrates when pretreated with buffer or washing reagents. Concordant profiles were obtained within and between the six substrates, the six amplification kits, and all four reagents. The direct amplification of substrates which do not contain lysing agent would be beneficial to the forensic community as the procedure can be used on evidence samples commonly found at crime scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Altshuler
- The Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, 115 Purple Heart Drive, Dover, DE, 19902
| | - Reena Roy
- Forensic Science Program, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
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