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Feng K, Wang G, Wang S, Ma J, Wu H, Ma M, Zhang Y. Breaking the pH Limitation of Nanozymes: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications. Adv Mater 2024:e2401619. [PMID: 38615261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Although nanozymes have drawn great attention over the past decade, the activities of peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, and catalase-like nanozymes are often pH dependent with elusive mechanism, which largely restricts their application. Therefore, a systematical discussion on the pH-related catalytic mechanisms of nanozymes together with the methods to overcome this limitation is in need. In this review, various nanozymes exhibiting pH-dependent catalytic activities are collected and the root causes for their pH dependence are comprehensively analyzed. Subsequently, regulatory concepts including catalytic environment reconstruction and direct catalytic activity improvement to break this pH restriction are summarized. Moreover, applications of pH-independent nanozymes in sensing, disease therapy, and pollutant degradation are overviewed. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities on the development of pH-independent nanozymes are suggested. It is anticipated that this review will promote the further design of pH-independent nanozymes and broaden their application range with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Guancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Haoan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211102, P. R. China
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2
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Wang Y, Jia X, An S, Yin W, Huang J, Jiang X. Nanozyme-Based Regulation of Cellular Metabolism and Their Applications. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2301810. [PMID: 37017586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is the sum of the enzyme-dependent chemical reactions, which produces energy in catabolic process and synthesizes biomass in anabolic process, exhibiting high similarity in mammalian cell, microbial cell, and plant cell. Consequently, the loss or gain of metabolic enzyme activity greatly affects cellular metabolism. Nanozymes, as emerging enzyme mimics with diverse functions and adjustable catalytic activities, have shown attractive potential for metabolic regulation. Although the basic metabolic tasks are highly similar for the cells from different species, the concrete metabolic pathway varies with the intracellular structure of different species. Here, the basic metabolism in living organisms is described and the similarities and differences in the metabolic pathways among mammalian, microbial, and plant cells and the regulation mechanism are discussed. The recent progress on regulation of cellular metabolism mainly including nutrient uptake and utilization, energy production, and the accompanied redox reactions by different kinds of oxidoreductases and their applications in the field of disease therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and sustainable agriculture is systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of nanozymes in regulating cell metabolism are also discussed, which broaden their application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaodan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shangjie An
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Shi Y, He X. Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Chemiluminescence Systems in Biochemical Analysis and Disease Theranostics. Molecules 2024; 29:983. [PMID: 38474496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) is of great significance in biochemical analysis and imaging due to its high sensitivity and lack of need for external excitation. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of AIE-based CL systems, including their working mechanisms and applications in biochemical analysis, bioimaging, and disease diagnosis and treatment. In ion and molecular detection, CL shows high selectivity and high sensitivity, especially in the detection of dynamic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, the integrated NIR-CL single-molecule system and nanostructural CL platform harnessing CL resonance energy transfer (CRET) have remarkable advantages in long-term imaging with superior capability in penetrating deep tissue depth and high signal-to-noise ratio, and are promising in the applications of in vivo imaging and image-guided disease therapy. Finally, we summarized the shortcomings of the existing AIE-CL system and provided our perspective on the possible ways to develop more powerful CL systems in the future. It can be highly expected that these promoted CL systems will play bigger roles in biochemical analysis and disease theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shi
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuewen He
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Dong X, Wu W, Pan P, Zhang XZ. Engineered Living Materials for Advanced Diseases Therapy. Adv Mater 2023:e2304963. [PMID: 37436776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural living materials serving as biotherapeutics exhibit great potential for treating various diseases owing to their immunoactivity, tissue targeting, and other biological activities. In this review, the recent developments in engineered living materials, including mammalian cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, plants, and their active derivatives that are used for treating various diseases are summarized. Further, the future perspectives and challenges of such engineered living material-based biotherapeutics are discussed to provide considerations for future advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Pei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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5
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Wang X, Chen G, Pan C, Liu Y. Editorial: Ferroptosis in cancer and beyond. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1115974. [PMID: 36660428 PMCID: PMC9846270 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guo Chen
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Yanqing Liu,
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Chen S, Yang H, Jiang J, Yu S, Li T, Ge S. [Advances of targeted protein degradation technology and its applications in diseases therapy]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2021; 37:3915-3932. [PMID: 34841795 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology facilitates specific and efficient degradation of disease-related proteins through hijacking the two major protein degradation systems in mammalian cells: ubiquitin-proteasome system and lysosome pathway. Compared with traditional small molecule-inhibitors, TPD-based drugs exhibit the characteristics of a broader target spectrum. Compared with techniques interfere with protein expression on the gene and mRNA level, TPD-based drugs are target-specific, efficaciously rapid, and not constrained by post-translational modification of proteins. In the past 20 years, various TPD-based technologies have been developed. Most excitingly, two TPD-based therapeutic drugs have been approved by FDA for phase Ⅰ clinical trials in 2019. Despite of the early stage characteristics and various obstructions of the TPD technology, it could serve as a powerful tool for the development of novel drugs. This review summarizes the advances of different degradation systems based on TPD technologies and their applications in disease therapy. Moreover, the advantages and challenges of various technologies were discussed systematically, with the aim to provide theoretical guidance for further application of TPD technologies in scientific research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Han Yang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centers of Biological Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jinlu Jiang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centers of Biological Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centers of Biological Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centers of Biological Products, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
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7
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Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Kavyiani N, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Melatonin: a Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Inflammation 2021; 44:1207-1222. [PMID: 33651308 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone of the pineal gland that contributes to the regulation of physiological activities, such as sleep, circadian rhythm, and neuroendocrine processes. Melatonin is found in several plants and has pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. It also has shown therapeutic efficacy in treatment of cancer and diabetes. Melatonin affects several molecular pathways to exert its protective effects. The NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a novel target of melatonin. This inflammasome contributes to enhanced level of IL-1β, caspase-1 activation, and pyroptosis stimulation. The function of NLRP3 inflammasome has been explored in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. By inhibiting NLRP3, melatonin diminishes inflammation and influences various molecular pathways, such as SIRT1, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and Wnt/β-catenin. Here, we discuss these molecular pathways and suggest that melatonin-induced inhibition of NLRP3 should be advanced in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Kavyiani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Zou Y, Huang B, Cao L, Deng Y, Su J. Tailored Mesoporous Inorganic Biomaterials: Assembly, Functionalization, and Drug Delivery Engineering. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2005215. [PMID: 33251635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious or immune diseases have caused serious threat to human health due to their complexity and specificity, and emerging drug delivery systems (DDSs) have evolved into the most promising therapeutic strategy for drug-targeted therapy. Various mesoporous biomaterials are exploited and applied as efficient nanocarriers to loading drugs by virtue of their large surface area, high porosity, and prominent biocompatibility. Nanosized mesoporous nanocarriers show great potential in biomedical research, and it has become the research hotspot in the interdisciplinary field. Herein, recent progress and assembly mechanisms on mesoporous inorganic biomaterials (e.g., silica, carbon, metal oxide) are summarized systematically, and typical functionalization methods (i.e., hybridization, polymerization, and doping) for nanocarriers are also discussed in depth. Particularly, structure-activity relationship and the effect of physicochemical parameters of mesoporous biomaterials, including morphologies (e.g., hollow, core-shell), pore textures (e.g., pore size, pore volume), and surface features (e.g., roughness and hydrophilic/hydrophobic) in DDS application are overviewed and elucidated in detail. As one of the important development directions, advanced stimuli-responsive DDSs (e.g., pH, temperature, redox, ultrasound, light, magnetic field) are highlighted. Finally, the prospect of mesoporous biomaterials in disease therapeutics is stated, and it will open a new spring for the development of mesoporous nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Biaotong Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Liehu Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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9
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Vassalle C, Maltinti M, Sabatino L. Targeting Oxidative Stress for Disease Prevention and Therapy: Where Do We Stand, and Where Do We Go from Here. Molecules 2020; 25:E2653. [PMID: 32517368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is one of the main processes related to aging and a common denominator of many different chronic/degenerative diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative conditions and cancer). Thus, its potential modulation by supplementation/pharmacological therapy caused a lot of interest. However, these expectations have been mitigated by the obtainment of controversial results (beneficial, null, or adverse effects) following antioxidant interventions. Here, we discuss the current understanding of OxS assessment in health and disease, challenges and the potential of its evaluation in clinical practice, and available and future development for supplementation and pharmacologic strategies targeting OxS.
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Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in modern society. As human exposure to inorganic NMs is inevitable, comprehensive assessment of the safety of inorganic NMs is required. It is well known that autophagy plays dual roles in cell survival and cell death. Moreover, inorganic NMs have been proven to induce autophagy perturbation in cells. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy is required for the safety assessment of inorganic NMs. This review presents an overview of a set of inorganic NMs, consisting of iron oxide NMs, silver NMs, gold NMs, carbon-based NMs, silica NMs, quantum dots, rare earth oxide NMs, zinc oxide NMs, alumina NMs, and titanium dioxide NMs, as well as how each modulates autophagy. This review emphasizes the potential mechanisms underlying NMs-induced autophagy perturbation, as well as the role of autophagy perturbation in cell fate determination. Furthermore, we also briefly review the potential roles of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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11
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Ow DW. Protection from Disulfide Stress by Inhibition of Pap1 Nuclear Export in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 2018; 210:857-68. [PMID: 30181192 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate subcellular localization of regulatory factors is critical for cellular function. Pap1, a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is redox regulated for localization and antistress function. In this study, we find that overproduction of a peptide conjugate containing the nuclear export signal of Oxs1, a conserved eukaryotic protein that, along with Pap1, regulates certain diamide responsive genes, can retain Pap1 in the nucleus before stress by competing for nuclear export. The nuclear retention of Pap1 upregulates several drug resistance genes to prime the cells for higher tolerance to disulfide stress. Overproduction of Oxs1 also upregulates these same genes, not by competing for export but by binding directly to the drug resistance gene promoters for Pap1-mediated activation. Of medical relevance is that this may suggest a gene therapy approach of using nuclear export signal conjugates to suppress the nuclear export of biomolecules.
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Wang X, Ren Y, Liu J. Liquid Metal Enabled Electrobiology: A New Frontier to Tackle Disease Challenges. Micromachines (Basel) 2018; 9:E360. [PMID: 30424293 PMCID: PMC6082282 DOI: 10.3390/mi9070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a new conceptual biomedical engineering strategy to tackle modern disease challenges, called liquid metal (LM) enabled electrobiology, is proposed. This generalized and simple method is based on the physiological fact that specially administrated electricity induces a series of subsequent desired biological effects, either shortly, transitionally, or permanently. Due to high compliance within biological tissues, LM would help mold a pervasive method for treating physiological or psychological diseases. As highly conductive and non-toxic multifunctional flexible materials, such LMs can generate any requested electric treating fields (ETFields), which can adapt to various sites inside the human body. The basic mechanisms of electrobiology in delivering electricity to the target tissues and then inducing expected outputs for disease treatment are interpreted. The methods for realizing soft and conformable electronics based on LM are illustrated. Furthermore, a group of typical disease challenges are observed to illustrate the basic strategies for performing LM electrobiology therapy, which include but are not limited to: tissue electronics, brain disorder, immunotherapy, neural functional recovery, muscle stimulation, skin rejuvenation, cosmetology and dieting, artificial organs, cardiac pacing, cancer therapy, etc. Some practical issues regarding electrobiology for future disease therapy are discussed. Perspectives in this direction for incubating a simple biomedical tool for health care are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Kim SE, Kim HJ, Rhee JK, Park K. Versatile Chemical Derivatizations to Design Glycol Chitosan-Based Drug Carriers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101662. [PMID: 28981451 PMCID: PMC6151466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycol chitosan (GC) and its derivatives have been extensively investigated as safe and effective drug delivery carriers because of their unique physiochemical and biological properties. The reactive functional groups such as the amine and hydroxyl groups on the GC backbone allow for easy chemical modification with various chemical compounds (e.g., hydrophobic molecules, crosslinkers, and acid-sensitive and labile molecules), and the versatility in chemical modifications enables production of a wide range of GC-based drug carriers. This review summarizes the versatile chemical modification methods that can be used to design GC-based drug carriers and describes their recent applications in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Hak-Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Medical College, Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
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