1
|
Chen M, Ding H, Liu M, Zhu Z, Rui D, Chen Y, Xu F. Vehicle Operation Status Monitoring Based on Distributed Acoustic Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8799. [PMID: 37960499 PMCID: PMC10649740 DOI: 10.3390/s23218799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop implementation research on distributed optical fiber sensing technology, field tests were conducted on municipal roads and railways using a distributed acoustic sensor (DAS). Data were collected by the DAS during a field test for a long time period (more than 20 min), and we conducted short-term (<10 s) and long-term (≥10 s) analyses on these data separately. In the short-term data analysis, the vehicle type, vehicle length, and working status of the vehicle engine or the compressor were identified. In the long-term data analysis, the traffic flow was monitored, and the running distance, acceleration, speed, and braking distance of the vehicle were obtained. The characteristics of the vehicle operation data obtained in these field tests are important in developing the data processing method of DASs, which will help to promote the implementation of DASs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- College of Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China;
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Haotian Ding
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Mingming Liu
- Railway Vehicle Department, Nanjing Vocational Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031, China;
| | - Zhigao Zhu
- CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210031, China; (Z.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Dongdong Rui
- CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210031, China; (Z.Z.); (D.R.)
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China;
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou X, Wang F, Yang C, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Hybrid Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor for the Multi-Parameter Measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7116. [PMID: 37631654 PMCID: PMC10459902 DOI: 10.3390/s23167116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFSs) are a promising technology for their unique advantage of long-distance distributed measurements in industrial applications. In recent years, modern industrial monitoring has called for comprehensive multi-parameter measurements to accurately identify fault events. The hybrid DOFS technology, which combines the Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman scattering mechanisms and integrates multiple DOFS systems in a single configuration, has attracted growing attention and has been developed rapidly. Compared to a single DOFS system, the multi-parameter measurements based on hybrid DOFS offer multidimensional valuable information to prevent misjudgments and false alarms. The highly integrated sensing structure enables more efficient and cost-effective monitoring in engineering. This review highlights the latest progress of the hybrid DOFS technology for multi-parameter measurements. The basic principles of the light-scattering-based DOFSs are initially introduced, and then the methods and sensing performances of various techniques are successively described. The challenges and prospects of the hybrid DOFS technology are discussed in the end, aiming to pave the way for a vaster range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan B, Ying Y, Morgese M, Ansari F. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Micro-Surface Crack Detections Based on BOTDA. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3529. [PMID: 35591219 PMCID: PMC9105900 DOI: 10.3390/s22093529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Micro-surface crack detection is important for the health monitoring of civil structures. The present literature review shows that micro-surface cracks can be detected by the Brillouin scattering process in optical fibers. However, the existing reports focus on experiment research. The comparison between theory and experiment for Brillouin-scattering-based optical sensors is rarely reported. In this paper, a distributed optical fiber sensor for monitoring micro-surface cracks is presented and demonstrated. In the simulation, by using finite element methods, an assemblage of a three-dimensional beam model for Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) was built. The change in Brillouin frequency (distributed strain) as a function of different cracks was numerically investigated. Simulation results indicate that the amplitudes of the Brillouin peak increase from 27 με to 140 με when the crack opening displacement (COD) is enlarged from 0.002 mm to 0.009 mm. The experiment program was designed to evaluate the cracks in a beam with the length of 15 m. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to detect the COD in the length of 0.002~0.009 mm, which is consistent with the simulation data. The limitations of the proposed sensing method are discussed, and the future research direction is prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Yuan
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China;
| | - Yu Ying
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China;
| | - Maurizio Morgese
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (M.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Farhad Ansari
- Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (M.M.); (F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoon S, Yu M, Kim E, Yu J. Strain Transfer Function of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors and Back-Calculation of the Base Strain Field. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21103365. [PMID: 34066116 PMCID: PMC8151726 DOI: 10.3390/s21103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Distributed optical fiber sensors are a promising technology for monitoring the structural health of large-scale structures. The fiber sensors are usually coated with nonfragile materials to protect the sensor and are bonded onto the structure using adhesive materials. However, local deformation of the relatively soft coating and adhesive layers hinders strain transfer from the base structure to the optical fiber sensor, which reduces and distorts its strain distribution. In this study, we analytically derive a strain transfer function in terms of strain periods, which enables us to understand how the strain reduces and is distorted in the optical fiber depending on the variation of the strain field. We also propose a method for back-calculating the base structure’s strain field using the reduced and distorted strain distribution in the optical fiber sensor. We numerically demonstrate the back-calculation of the base strain using a composite beam model with an open hole and an attached distributed optical fiber sensor. The new strain transfer function and the proposed back-calculation method can enhance the strain field estimation accuracy in using a distributed optical fiber sensor. This enables us to use a highly durable distributed optical fiber sensor with thick protective layers in precision measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoung Yoon
- Division of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea; (S.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Meadeum Yu
- Division of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea; (S.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eunho Kim
- Division of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea; (S.Y.); (M.Y.)
- Automotive Hi-Technology Research Center & LANL-CBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
- Multifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-2374
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Division of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea; (S.Y.); (M.Y.)
- Multifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sedighi S, Soto MA, Jderu A, Dorobantu D, Enachescu M, Ziegler D. Swelling-Based Distributed Chemical Sensing with Standard Acrylate Coated Optical Fibers. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21030718. [PMID: 33494419 PMCID: PMC7865366 DOI: 10.3390/s21030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Distributed chemical sensing is demonstrated using standard acrylate coated optical fibers. Swelling of the polymer coating induces strain in the fiber’s silica core provoking a local refractive index change which is detectable all along an optical fiber by advanced distributed sensing techniques. Thermal effects can be discriminated from strain using uncoated fiber segments, leading to more accurate strain readings. The concept has been validated by measuring strain responses of various aqueous and organic solvents and different chain length alkanes and blends thereof. Although demonstrated on a short range of two meters using optical frequency-domain reflectometry, the technique can be applied to many kilometer-long fiber installations. Low-cost and insensitive to corrosion and electromagnetic radiation, along with the possibility to interrogate thousands of independent measurement points along a single optical fiber, this novel technique is likely to find applications in environmental monitoring, food analysis, agriculture, water quality monitoring, or medical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sedighi
- NanoPRO START S.R.L., Oltenitei, No. 388, District 4, 041337 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.); (A.J.); (D.D.)
| | - Marcelo A. Soto
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 2390123 Valparaíso, Chile;
| | - Alin Jderu
- NanoPRO START S.R.L., Oltenitei, No. 388, District 4, 041337 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.); (A.J.); (D.D.)
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology (CSSNT), University Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dorel Dorobantu
- NanoPRO START S.R.L., Oltenitei, No. 388, District 4, 041337 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.); (A.J.); (D.D.)
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology (CSSNT), University Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology (CSSNT), University Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dominik Ziegler
- NanoPRO START S.R.L., Oltenitei, No. 388, District 4, 041337 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.); (A.J.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng L, Wang L, Hou Y, Yan G. A Research on Low Modulus Distributed Fiber Optical Sensor for Pavement Material Strain Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E2386. [PMID: 29048393 DOI: 10.3390/s17102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The accumulated irreversible deformation in pavement under repeated vehicle loadings will cause fatigue failure of asphalt concrete. It is necessary to monitor the mechanical response of pavement under load by using sensors. Previous studies have limitations in modulus accommodation between the sensor and asphalt pavement, and it is difficult to achieve the distributed monitoring goal. To solve these problems, a new type of low modulus distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) for asphalt pavement strain monitoring is fabricated. Laboratory experiments have proved the applicability and accuracy of the newly-designed sensor. This paper presents the results of the development.
Collapse
|