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Alkhamis O, Canoura J, Bukhryakov KV, Tarifa A, DeCaprio AP, Xiao Y. DNA Aptamer-Cyanine Complexes as Generic Colorimetric Small-Molecule Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112305. [PMID: 34706127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are promising biorecognition elements for sensors. However, aptamer-based assays often lack the requisite levels of sensitivity and/or selectivity because they typically employ structure-switching aptamers with attenuated affinity and/or utilize reporters that require aptamer labeling or which are susceptible to false positives. Dye-displacement assays offer a label-free, sensitive means for overcoming these issues, wherein target binding liberates a dye that is complexed with the aptamer, producing an optical readout. However, broad utilization of these assays has been limited. Here, we demonstrate a rational approach to develop colorimetric cyanine dye-displacement assays that can be broadly applied to DNA aptamers regardless of their structure, sequence, affinity, or the physicochemical properties of their targets. Our approach should accelerate the development of mix-and-measure assays that could be applied for diverse analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Konstantin V Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Anamary Tarifa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Anthony P DeCaprio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Abstract
Aptamers are nucleic acid-based affinity reagents that have gained widespread attention as biorecognition elements for the detection of targets such as ions, small molecules, and proteins. Over the past three decades, the field of aptamer-based sensing has grown considerably. However, the advancement of aptamer-based small-molecule detection has fallen short of the high demand for such sensors in applications such as diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and forensics. This is due to two challenges: the complexity of developing generalized sensing platforms and the poor sensitivities of assays targeting small molecules. This paper will review new approaches for the streamlined development of high-performance aptamer-based sensors for small-molecule detection. We here provide historical context, explore the current state-of-the art, and offer future directions-with emphasis placed on new aptamer engineering methods, the use of cooperative binding, and label-free approaches using fully-folded, high-affinity aptamers for small-molecule sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199
| | - Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199
| | - Haixiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199
| | - Yingzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199
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