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Joseph AM, Karas M, Joubran E, Jara Silva CE, Cordova S, Sinha M, Salam A, Leyva MM, Quinonez J, Ruxmohan S. Recent Advancements in Epidural Etanercept for Pain Management in Radiculopathy: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e37672. [PMID: 37206531 PMCID: PMC10191459 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common etiology of low back and neck pain is associated with spinal cord pathologies. Regardless of origin, low back and neck pain are some of the most common causes of disability worldwide. Mechanical compression due to spinal cord diseases, such as degenerative disc disorders, can lead to radiculopathy, which manifests as numbness or tingling and can progress to loss of muscle function. Conservative management, such as physical therapy, has not been proven effective in treating radiculopathy, and surgical treatments have more risks than benefits for most patients. Epidural disease-modifying medications, such as Etanercept, have been recently explored due to their minimal invasiveness and direct effects on inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Therefore, this literature review aims to evaluate epidural Etanercept's effect on radiculopathy caused by degenerative disc diseases. Epidural Etanercept has been shown to improve radiculopathy in patients with lumbar disc degeneration, spinal stenosis, and sciatica. Further research is needed to compare the effectiveness of Etanercept with commonly used treatments such as steroids and analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Joseph
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
| | - Monica Karas
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
| | - Ernesto Joubran
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Cesar E Jara Silva
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Steven Cordova
- Department of Neurology, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
- College of Medicine, St. Matthew's University School of Medicine, Grand Cayman, CYM
| | - Mehul Sinha
- Department of Medicine, International Society for Chronic Illnesses, Vadodara, IND
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Melissa M Leyva
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Jonathan Quinonez
- Department of Neurology/Osteopathic Neuromuscular Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA
| | - Samir Ruxmohan
- Division of Neurocritical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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