1
|
Wang Y, Gou Y, Zhang L, Li C, Wang Z, Liu Y, Geng Z, Shen M, Sun L, Wei F, Zhou J, Gu L, Jin H, Ma S. Levels and Health Risk of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Herbal Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:818268. [PMID: 35177984 PMCID: PMC8844025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.818268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 168 pesticides in 1,017 samples of 10 Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were simultaneously determined by high-performance liquid (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas (GC-MS/MS) chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 89.2% of the samples encompassed one or multiple pesticide residues, and the residue concentrations in 60.5% of samples were less than 0.02 mg kg−1, revealing the relatively low residue levels. The hazard quotient and hazard index methods were used to estimate the health risk for consumers. For a more accurate risk assessment, the exposure frequency and exposure duration of CHMs were involved into the exposure assessment, which was obtained from a questionnaire data of 20,917 volunteers. The results of chronic, acute, and cumulative risk assessment indicated that consumption of CHMs is unlikely to pose a health risk to consumers. Ranking the risk of detected pesticides revealed that phorate, BHC, triazophos, methidathion, terbufos, and omethoate posed the highest risk. Our results also showed that pollution of the aboveground medicinal part was more serious. Although exposure to pesticides in tested CHMs was below dangerous levels, more strict controlled management should be carried out for banned pesticides due to the high detection rate and illegal use in the actual planting practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gou
- Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices/NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicines, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxi Liu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Geng
- Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices/NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicines, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingrui Shen
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Sichuan Institute for Drug Control, Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices/NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicines, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|