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Yousefian F, Roberts M, Hammel J, Buckley C. Painful schwannoma of scalp: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231220823. [PMID: 38152684 PMCID: PMC10752063 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231220823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwannoma, also known as neurilemmoma, is a benign neoplasm of Schwann cells of the cranial or peripheral nerve sheath. Scalp involvement has been reported in 25% of patients with extracranial head and neck schwannomas, which can be misdiagnosed clinically as epidermal cyst or lipoma. In this article, we report a 32-year-old male presenting with a slow-growing painful subcutaneous mass on the left occipital scalps without any neurological symptoms. Pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma, and surgical removal resulted in the resolution of pain and lack of recurrence.
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Nemes K, Benesch M, Kolarova J, Johann P, Hasselblatt M, Thomas C, Bens S, Glaser S, Ammerpohl O, Liaugaudiene O, Sadeghipour A, von der Weid N, Schmid I, Gidding C, Erdreich-Epstein A, Khurana C, Ebetsberger-Dachs G, Lemmer A, Khatib Z, Hernández Marqués C, Pears J, Quehenberger F, Kordes U, Vokuhl C, Gerss J, Schwarz H, Bison B, Biegel JA, Siebert R, Frühwald MC. Rhabdoid tumors in patients conceived following ART: is there an association? Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2028-2038. [PMID: 37553222 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION In children affected by rhabdoid tumors (RT), are there clinical, therapeutic, and/or (epi-)genetic differences between those conceived following ART compared to those conceived without ART? SUMMARY ANSWER We detected a significantly elevated female predominance, and a lower median age at diagnosis, of children with RT conceived following ART (RT_ART) as compared to other children with RT. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Anecdotal evidence suggests an association of ART with RT. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a multi-institutional retrospective survey. Children with RT conceived by ART were identified in our EU-RHAB database (n = 11/311 children diagnosed between January 2010 and January 2018) and outside the EU-RHAB database (n = 3) from nine different countries. A population-representative German EU-RHAB control cohort of children with RTs conceived without ART (n = 211) (EU-RHAB control cohort) during the same time period was used as a control cohort for clinical, therapeutic, and survival analyses. The median follow-up time was 11.5 months (range 0-120 months) for children with RT_ART and 18.5 months (range 0-153 months) for the EU-RHAB control cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We analyzed 14 children with RT_ART diagnosed from January 2010 to January 2018. We examined tumors and matching blood samples for SMARCB1 mutations and copy number alterations using FISH, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and DNA sequencing. DNA methylation profiling of tumor and/or blood samples was performed using DNA methylation arrays and compared to respective control cohorts of similar age (n = 53 tumors of children with RT conceived without ART, and n = 38 blood samples of children with no tumor born small for gestational age). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The median age at diagnosis of 14 individuals with RT_ART was 9 months (range 0-66 months), significantly lower than the median age of patients with RT (n = 211) in the EU-RHAB control cohort (16 months (range 0-253), P = 0.03). A significant female predominance was observed in the RT_ART cohort (M:F ratio: 2:12 versus 116:95 in EU-RHAB control cohort, P = 0.004). Eight of 14 RT_ART patients were diagnosed with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, three with extracranial, extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor, one with rhabdoid tumor of the kidney and two with synchronous tumors. The location of primary tumors did not differ significantly in the EU-RHAB control cohort (P = 0.27). Six of 14 RT_ART patients presented with metastases at diagnosis. Metastatic stage was not significantly different from that within the EU-RHAB control cohort (6/14 vs 88/211, P = 1). The incidence of pathogenic germline variants was five of the 12 tested RT_ART patients and, thus, not significantly different from the EU-RHAB control cohort (5/12 versus 36/183 tested, P = 0.35). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rates of RT_ART patients were 42.9 ± 13.2% and 21.4 ± 11%, respectively, and thus comparable to the EU-RHAB control cohort (OS 41.1 ± 3.5% and EFS 32.1 ± 3.3). We did not find other clinical, therapeutic, outcome factors distinguishing patients with RT_ART from children with RTs conceived without ART (EU-RHAB control cohort). DNA methylation analyses of 10 tumors (atypical teratoid RT = 6, extracranial, extrarenal malignant RT = 4) and six blood samples from RT_ART patients showed neither evidence of a general DNA methylation difference nor underlying imprinting defects, respectively, when compared to a control group (n = 53 RT samples of patients without ART, P = 0.51, n = 38 blood samples of patients born small for gestational age, P = 0.1205). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION RTs are very rare malignancies and our results are based on a small number of children with RT_ART. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This cohort of patients with RT_ART demonstrated a marked female predominance, and a rather low median age at diagnosis even for RTs. Other clinical, treatment, outcome, and molecular factors did not differ from those conceived without ART (EU-RHAB control cohort) or reported in other series, and there was no evidence for imprinting defects. Long-term survival is achievable even in cases with pathogenic germline variants, metastatic disease at diagnosis, or relapse. The female preponderance among RT_ART patients is not yet understood and needs to be evaluated, ideally in larger international series. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) M.C.F. is supported by the 'Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung' DKS 2020.10, by the 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' DFG FR 1516/4-1 and by the Deutsche Krebshilfe 70113981. R.S. received grant support by Deutsche Krebshilfe 70114040 and for infrastructure by the KinderKrebsInitiative Buchholz/Holm-Seppensen. P.D.J. is supported by the Else-Kroener-Fresenius Stiftung and receives a Max-Eder scholarship from the Deutsche Krebshilfe. M.H. is supported by DFG (HA 3060/8-1) and IZKF Münster (Ha3/017/20). BB is supported by the 'Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung' DKS 2020.05. We declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nemes
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Martin Benesch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pascal Johann
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Selina Glaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Liaugaudiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kauno Klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alireza Sadeghipour
- Department of Pathology, Rasoul Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicolas von der Weid
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Schmid
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, München, Germany
| | - Corrie Gidding
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anat Erdreich-Epstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Khurana
- Children's Center, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Lemmer
- Children's Hospital, HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Ziad Khatib
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Jane Pears
- Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Franz Quehenberger
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Kordes
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Gerss
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heike Schwarz
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Bison
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center, Germany
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Aziz Khan A, Ahuja S, Zaheer S. A rare case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the central nervous system. Neuropathology 2023; 43:421-424. [PMID: 37013337 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the brain is an extremely rare presentation, with only a few previous case reports. We describe a primary NEC arising from the left parieto-occipital lobe. The 55-year-old patient presented with complaints of headache and dizziness for the preceding 7 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large ill-defined mass in the left parieto-occipital lobe, with possible differential diagnosis of meningioma. A craniotomy was performed, and a firm vascular tumor was removed. Histopathological examination revealed a large cell NEC. Immunohistochemistry was performed to exclude the possibility of an extracranial primary. Based on the immunohistochemical expression and absence of any extracranial tumor on positron emission tomography, the diagnosis of primary NEC of the brain was made. It is important to differentiate between primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors because they show a significant difference in prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Aziz Khan
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Bhuta R, Shah R, Gell JJ, Poynter JN, Bagrodia A, Dicken BJ, Pashankar F, Frazier AL, Shaikh F. Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Germ cell tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 6:e30562. [PMID: 37449938 PMCID: PMC10529374 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) are a biologically diverse group of tumors occurring in children, adolescents, and young adults. The majority of patients have excellent outcomes, but treatment-related toxicities impact their quality of survivorship. A subset of patients succumbs to the disease. Current unmet needs include clarifying which patients can be safely observed after initial surgical resection, refinement of risk stratification to reduce chemotherapy burden in patients with standard-risk disease, and intensify therapy for patients with poor-risk disease. Furthermore, enhancing strategies for detection of minimal residual disease and early detection of relapse, particularly in serum tumor marker-negative histologies, is critical. Improving the understanding of the developmental and molecular origins of GCTs may facilitate discovery of novel targets. Future efforts should be directed toward assessing novel therapies in a biology-driven, biomarker-defined, histology-specific, risk-stratified patient population. Fragmentation of care between subspecialists restricts the unified study of these rare tumors. It is imperative that trials be conducted in collaboration with national and international cooperative groups, with harmonized data and biospecimen collection. Key priorities for the Children's Oncology Group (COG) GCT Committee include (a) better understanding the biology of GCTs, with a focus on molecular targets and mechanisms of treatment resistance; (b) strategic development of pediatric and young adult clinical trials; (c) understanding late effects of therapy and identifying individuals most at risk; and (d) prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion to reduce cancer health disparities and studying the impacts of social determinants of health on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Bhuta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanna J. Gell
- The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jenny N. Poynter
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryan J. Dicken
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Farzana Pashankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vrinceanu D, Dumitru M, Popa-Cherecheanu M, Marinescu AN, Patrascu OM, Bobirca F. Extracranial Facial Nerve Schwannoma-Histological Surprise or Therapeutic Planning? Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1167. [PMID: 37374372 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Schwannomas (neurilemomas) are benign, slow-growing, encapsulated, white, yellow, or pink tumors originating in Schwann cells in the sheaths of cranial nerves or myelinated peripheral nerves. Facial nerve schwannomas (FNS) can form anywhere along the course of the nerve, from the pontocerebellar angle to the terminal branches of the facial nerve. In this article, we propose a review of the specialized literature regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of schwannomas of the extracranial segment of the facial nerve, also presenting our experience in this type of rare neurogenic tumor. The clinical exam reveals pretragial swelling or retromandibular swelling, the extrinsic compression of the lateral oropharyngeal wall like a parapharyngeal tumor. The function of the facial nerve is generally preserved due to the eccentric growth of the tumor pushing on the nerve fibers, and the incidence of peripheral facial paralysis in FNSs is described in 20-27% of cases. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination is the gold standard and describes a mass with iso signal to muscle on T1 and hyper signal to muscle on T2 and a characteristic "darts sign." The most practical differential diagnoses are pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland and glossopharyngeal schwannoma. The surgical approach to FNSs requires an experienced surgeon, and radical ablation by extracapsular dissection with preservation of the facial nerve is the gold standard for the cure. The patient's informed consent is important regarding the diagnosis of schwannoma and the possibility of facial nerve resection with reconstruction. Frozen section intraoperative examination is necessary to rule out malignancy or when sectioning of the facial nerve fibers is necessary. Alternative therapeutic strategies are imaging monitoring or stereotactic radiosurgery. The main factors which are considered during the management are the extension of the tumor, the presence or not of facial palsy, the experience of the surgeon, and the patient's options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vrinceanu
- ENT Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050472 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Dumitru
- ENT Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050472 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matei Popa-Cherecheanu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, "Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 011356 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Oana-Maria Patrascu
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Bobirca
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011437 Bucharest, Romania
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Loperfido A, Celebrini A, Fionda B, Bellocchi G, Cristalli G. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for Vagal Schwannoma: Case Series and Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1013. [PMID: 37374217 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Clinical management of vagal schwannoma is a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because the medical history and clinical examination are often non-specific and vagal nerve injury following surgical resection still represents an unsolved problem. The aim of this paper is to provide a case series along with a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for vagal schwannoma of the head and neck, combining our experience with clinical evidence available in the literature. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of patients affected by vagal schwannoma who were treated between 2000 and 2020. In addition, a review of the literature on vagal schwannoma management was conducted. Based on the cases described and the literature review, we made a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for the management of vagal schwannoma. Results: We were able to identify 10 patients affected by vagal schwannoma and treated between 2000 and 2020. All patients presented with a painless, mobile, slow-growing lateral neck mass with onset varying from a few months to years. The preoperative diagnostic workup included ultrasound (US) in nine cases, computed tomography (CT) with contrast in six patients and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck in seven cases. All patients included in this study were surgically treated. Conclusions: Vagal schwannoma management represents a true challenge for clinicians and surgery is currently the most effective therapeutic strategy. A multidisciplinary approach through the collaboration of otolaryngologist with other specialists is desirable to develop a tailored treatment plan for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Fionda
- U.O.C. Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cristalli
- Otolaryngology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Matsumoto H, Yamaura I, Matsumoto A, Miyata S, Tomogane Y, Minami H, Masuda A, Yoshida Y. Cervical radiculopathy due to extracranial vertebral artery dissection treated by stent placement with a flow diversion effect: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2023; 5:CASE2334. [PMID: 37070685 PMCID: PMC10550639 DOI: 10.3171/case2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical radiculopathy due to extracranial vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is extremely rare. The disease is usually treated with conservative treatment because of its favorable prognosis. However, there is a possibility that conservative treatment may bring about no improvement in radiculopathy. Although stent placement with a flow diversion effect may be effective in such cases, there are no reported cases that were treated with stent placement. OBSERVATIONS A 40-year-old healthy man presented with severe right neck pain, right arm pain, and right arm weakness after cracking his neck. A neurological examination revealed right C5 radiculopathy. Neuroimaging studies revealed right extracranial VAD. The VAD compressed the right C5 nerve root. Although medications were administered, there was no improvement in the symptoms. He experienced severe radicular pain. The authors performed stent placement with a flow diversion effect 10 days after the onset of VAD. His radicular pain improved immediately after the procedure, and the remaining radiculopathy completely improved within 1 month. Follow-up angiography showed complete improvement of the VAD. LESSONS Stent placement with a flow diversion effect may be considered when radiculopathy that hinders a patient's daily life exists. Stent placement may bring about rapid improvement in radiculopathy, especially radicular pain.
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Thimma Sudarsan R, Ramanujan V, Rajendran A, Shafi S, Patil S, Ghosh S, Jalali R. Rare Case of Extracranial Metastases in a Patient with IDH-Mutant Glioblastoma. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:217-220. [PMID: 37969678 PMCID: PMC10635773 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rishan Thimma SudarsanGlioblastoma are known for its aggressive intracranial course of disease, where the overall survival is less than 18 months. Of late, the World Health Organization has reclassified and renamed secondary glioblastomas as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas, which is relatively better than its IDH wild-type counterpart; however, overall survival remains poor. In such tumors, metastases outside the craniospinal neuraxis is very rare, and does sometimes present with symptoms which create a diagnostic dilemma and arriving at such diagnosis is still challenging even for the best of the clinicians worldwide. Here we present such a rare case scenario, where a grade 4 astrocytoma that has transformed from a low-grade glioma, presenting with bone metastases, its workup, treatment, and various possible mechanisms underlying such a rare event, and the need of such clinical scenario especially long-term survivors to be wary of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishan Thimma Sudarsan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Cancer Management Team, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Ramanujan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adhithyan Rajendran
- Department of NeuroRadiology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sadiya Shafi
- Department of NeuroPathology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sushma Patil
- Department of NeuroPathology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siddhartha Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Cancer Management Team, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kong Y, Xu H, Huang Y, Wei Z, Ye X. Local thermal ablative therapies for extracranial oligometastatic disease of non-small-cell lung cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:3-8. [PMID: 35599449 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Clinically, 40-50% of patients with NSCLC are found to have systemic metastasis at the initial diagnosis. Meanwhile, 30-75% of patients with lung cancer who have undergone radical surgical resection have local recurrence and distant metastases. However, not all distant metastases are multiple, and some are potentially curable. In this study, among the patients with NSCLC having distant organ metastasis, approximately 7% showed extrapulmonary solitary metastasis and remained in this relatively stable state for a long time. This form of metastasis is known as NSCLC oligometastases. This review describes the concept and classification of oligometastases, as well as the local treatment and prognosis of extracranial oligometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Kong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer, Institute, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer, Institute, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yahan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer, Institute, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer, Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer, Institute, Jinan, China
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Amarin R, Alshalawi H, Zaghlol R, Price JB, Driscoll CF, Romberg E, Masri R. Incidental findings in cone beam computed tomography volumes: Calcified head-and-neck atheromas detected during dental evaluation. J Prosthodont 2022. [PMID: 36512480 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Atheromas can be detected incidentally in routine dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. This study aims to assess prevalence and risk factors associated with these vascular lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillofacial CBCTs of 458 subjects were evaluated and divided into 4 groups based on the presence of calcified atheroma: subjects with no calcified atheroma, subjects with intracranial calcified atheroma (ICA), subjects with extracranial calcified atheroma (ECA), and subjects exhibiting combined lesions. Age, sex, medical conditions, family history, and size were documented. Analysis of variance followed by a multiple comparison test was used for data satisfying parametric test assumptions. Chi-squared tests were used to assess categorical data. The Spearman Rho test was used to assess the correlation between the incidence of calcified atheroma and subjects' medical condition. RESULTS Of the 458 CBCTs evaluated, 29.90% presented with calcified atheroma. Calcified atheroma prevalence was significantly higher in older patients versus younger patients (p = 0.004) and in males compared to females (p = 0.004). Males were more likely to have the combination of ICA and ECA, whereas females were more likely to have ICA alone (p ≤ 0.040). Patients with calcified atheroma were significantly more likely to have a history of hyperlipidemia (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.001), and myocardial infarction/coronary artery diseases (p = 0.001). Overall, patients exhibiting both intracranial and extracranial lesions were more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Incidentally detected calcified atheromas in CBCTs are common. Subjects with combined atheroma lesions are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. The diagnosis of incidental calcified atheromas in CBCT's warrants early referral to medical specialists, especially if there is no medical history of existing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Amarin
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heba Alshalawi
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raja Zaghlol
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Price
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl F Driscoll
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine Romberg
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Division of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Jooya A, Simons ME, Tsang DS. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for an Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation of the Pelvis. Cureus 2021; 13:e18750. [PMID: 34790496 PMCID: PMC8589004 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare pathological, benign conditions that are characterized by aberrantly connected arteries and veins without normal intervening capillary vasculature. Although stereotactic radiosurgery is an established, efficacious, safe treatment for intracranial AVMs, there is no known published data on the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of abdominopelvic AVMs. One patient with an extracranial AVM in the pelvis that was only partially responsive to embolization was treated with SBRT to a dose of 21 Gy, delivered in three fractions over six calendar days. At presentation, the patient was non-ambulatory due to neuropathic pain from a sciatic impingement of the AVM. The patient underwent two prior catheter-based embolization procedures that had achieved partial obliteration, but with the persistence of neuropathic pain and symptoms. After SBRT to the pelvic AVM, the patient had marked improvement in pain over 10 months and was able to ambulate again. Follow-up angiography and CT demonstrated the obliteration of previously visualized AVM. We describe the first known report of pelvic AVM successfully treated with a combination of embolization and SBRT. Three-fraction SBRT to a total dose of 21 Gy appears to be safe and effective for extracranial AVMs arising in the pelvis. This strategy may be considered for patients with pelvic AVMs that are refractory to standard interventional therapies. However, these findings should be validated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alborz Jooya
- Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, CAN
| | | | - Derek S Tsang
- Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, CAN
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12
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Goto M, Hirata A, Murakami M, Minami N, Sakai H. What is your diagnosis? Subcutaneous mass on the head of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 51:153-156. [PMID: 34625961 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Goto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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13
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Boynuyogun E, Calis M, Kavuncuoglu A, Kosemehmetoglu K, Tuncbilek G. Presentation of Infantile Hemangiopericytoma/Solitary Fibrous Tumor as a Giant Extracranial Temporal Mass. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:523-527. [PMID: 31994965 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1716904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Infantile Hemangiopericytoma (HPC)/Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT), a vascular tumor of head and neck region, can be congenital or arise during the first year of the life. As the infantile form of hemangiopericytoma has a better course than the adult form, surgical excision is recommended. Case Report: A full-term neonate presented with a congenital right temporal soft tissue mass. MRI revealed a highly vascular mass with a hemorrhagic and possible necrotic core without intracranial extension. The lesion grew in 2 weeks from 4x4 cm to 9x7 cm. Histologically, a hypercellular spindle cell mesenchymal neoplasm had prominent staghorn vessels, alternating with hypocellular areas. Mitotic activity was low(1-3/HPF) and necrosis was absent. Conclusion: Infantile HPC/SFT of head and neck can grow rapidly during the infantile period. Complete excision without mutilating surgery should be curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etkin Boynuyogun
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Calis
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Gokhan Tuncbilek
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Hulsker CCC, el Mansori I, Fiocco M, Zsiros J, Wijnen MHW, Looijenga LHJ, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, van der Steeg AFW. Treatment and Survival of Malignant Extracranial Germ Cell Tumours in the Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143561. [PMID: 34298776 PMCID: PMC8305293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rates internationally over the past two decades and to define specific subgroups with inferior outcomes which may demand different treatment strategies. METHODS The search focused on malignant extracranial germ cell tumours (GCTs) in the paediatric population. The initial database search identified 12,556 articles; 32 articles were finally included in this review, comprising a total of 5095 patients. RESULTS The studies were heterogeneous, varying from single institution reports to large prospective trials. Older studies, describing eras where non-platinum-based chemotherapy regimens were used, showed clearly worse outcomes. Survival for stage I-II gonadal disease is excellent. On the other hand, patients with an initial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 10,000 ng/mL or kU/L, age > 11 years and stage IV disease confer a survival disadvantage. For testicular disease in particular, lymphovascular invasion and certain histopathological subtypes, such as embryonal carcinoma (EC) and mixed malignant GCTs, survival is poorer. Survival data for sacrococcygeal and mediastinal GCTs show a heterogeneous distribution across studies in this review, independent of year of publication. Patients > 12 years presenting with a mediastinal GCT pose a subpopulation which fares worse than GCTs in other locations or age groups. This is independent of AFP levels, stage of disease or treatment protocol, and these patients may demand a different treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS This review describes the heterogeneous nature of GCTs in different anatomical locations, impacting on stage at presentation, treatment modalities used and survival data. Despite this heterogeneity, in line with the current developmental biology-based classification system, subpopulations can be defined which have an inferior EFS and OS and where future research and more individualised treatment would help to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. C. Hulsker
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-88-9727272
| | - Issam el Mansori
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Biomedical Data Science Department, Section Medical Statistics, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - József Zsiros
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Marc H. W. Wijnen
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Annelies M. C. Mavinkurve-Groothuis
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
| | - Alida F. W. van der Steeg
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.e.M.); (M.F.); (J.Z.); (M.H.W.W.); (L.H.J.L.); (A.M.C.M.-G.); (A.F.W.v.d.S.)
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15
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Umbach G, El Ahmadieh TY, Plitt AR, Aoun SG, Neeley OJ, Lyon KA, Fonkem E, Raisanen JM, Bishop JA, Wardak Z, Patel TR, Myers L, Mickey BE. Extraneural metastatic anaplastic ependymoma: a systematic review and a report of metastases to bilateral parotid glands. Neurooncol Pract 2019; 7:218-227. [PMID: 32626590 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastases is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Metastatic spread to the parotid gland is a rare clinical entity that requires multidisciplinary intervention. Herein, we present a systematic review of anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastases and report on a case with metastases to both parotid glands. Methods Electronic databases were searched from their inception to February 2019. Inclusion criteria included reports of anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastasis. Studies were excluded if the tumor grade was not reported. A case illustration is provided. Results The search yielded 15 cases of anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastases, including the present case. Mean age at diagnosis was 15 years. The initial tumor location was predominantly supratentorial (93.3%). All cases demonstrated leptomeningeal seeding before extraneural metastasis. Mean survival from initial diagnosis was 4.5 years. Metastasis to the parotid gland occurred in 2 cases, including the present case. We present a 17-year-old female patient who underwent gross total resection of a supratentorial, paraventricular anaplastic ependymoma followed by adjuvant external beam radiation therapy. The patient developed recurrent leptomeningeal seeding, treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery over a 5-year period. She returned with a parotid mass and cervical lymphadenopathy and underwent parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection. She continued to experience recurrences, including the left parotid gland, and was ultimately placed in hospice care. Conclusions Anaplastic ependymoma with extraneural metastasis is rare. A combination of repeated surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy can be used to manage recurrent and metastatic disease, but outcomes remain poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gray Umbach
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Tarek Y El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Aaron R Plitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Salah G Aoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Om J Neeley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Kristopher A Lyon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Ekokobe Fonkem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Jack M Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Zabi Wardak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Toral R Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Larry Myers
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Bruce E Mickey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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16
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Jakimovski D, Topolski M, Kimura K, Pandya V, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R. Decrease in Secondary Neck Vessels in Multiple Sclerosis: A 5-year Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Angiography Study. Curr Neurovasc Res 2019; 16:215-223. [PMID: 31195944 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190612111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have previously shown greater arterial and venous extracranial vascular changes in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) when compared to healthy controls (HCs). OBJECTIVES To determine the change in the number and size of secondary neck vessels in PwMS and HCs over a 5-year follow-up period. METHODS Both at baseline and follow-up, 83 PwMS and 25 HCs underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) imaging and analysis. The number and cross-sectional area (CSA) of all secondary neck vessels (excluding the common/internal carotid, vertebral artery, and internal jugular vein) measured at levels from C2-T1 were determined by semi-automated edge detection/ contouring software. The longitudinal change in the number and CSA of the secondary neck vessels from the PwMS and HCs were analyzed by non-parametric Wilcoxon repeated measure. Benjamini-Hochberg procedure adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS For over 5 years, PwMS demonstrated a consistent longitudinal decrease in both the number of secondary neck vessels (Z-change between -3.3 and -5.4, q=0.001) and their CSA (Zchange between -2.9 and -5.2, q=0.004). On the contrary, the HCs did not demonstrate a significant longitudinal change in secondary neck vessels over the follow-up period. Due to the longitudinal decrease, the PwMS showed a lower number of secondary neck vessels when compared to HCs measured at follow-up (p<0.029, except for C4 with trending p=0.071). The PwMS changes were also corroborated within each MS phenotype. CONCLUSION PwMS demonstrate a significant mid-term decrease in the number and the size of the secondary neck vessels. The clinical relevance of these findings and the effect on intracranial blood flow are currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (BNAC), Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Topolski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (BNAC), Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kana Kimura
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (BNAC), Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Virja Pandya
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (BNAC), Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (BNAC), Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,enter for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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17
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Hu M, Tang Y, Long G, Zhang D, Kresak JL, Lai J. Primary Extracranial Meningioma of Mastoid in a Patient With History of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Lung Adenocarcinoma and Prostatic Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:3197-3201. [PMID: 31177167 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors and frequently develop in the parasagittal region, but can also present extracranially. Rarely, meningiomas may involve the middle ear and mastoid, resulting from contiguous spread of adjacent intracranial tumor, or extremely rarely, as an isolated primary tumor, which is frequently misdiagnosed and unrecognized, resulting in inappropriate clinical management. CASE REPORT Herein we report such a case of an 80-year-old man with history of multiple cancer who presented with ear pain, vertigo and hearing loss. Audiometry demonstrated bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Contrast-enhanced temporal bone computed tomography revealed a soft-tissue mass in the right epitympanum without bone erosion or any intracranial involvement. Radiological and operative findings were suspicious for cholesteatoma. Histological examination showed an epithelial neoplasm arranged in nests and whorls with intranuclear inclusions. No psammoma bodies, mitotic figures, or tumor necrosis were identified. The tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, progesterone receptor and CD56; and negative for synaptophysin, chromogranin, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), cytokeratin 7, prostate-specific antigen, inhibin, S100, P63, and P40. Ki67 highlighted about 2% of the tumor cells. Based on the morphological features and immunohistochemical profile, the tumor was diagnosed as primary extracranial meningioma of the mastoid, meningothelial subtype, World Health Organization grade 1. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, primary mastoid meningioma clinically mimicking a cholesteatoma presenting in a patient with a history of multiple primary carcinomas has not been previously reported. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this entity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Yaoyun Tang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Guanghui Long
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, U.S.A
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jesse L Kresak
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, U.S.A
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18
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Abstract
There is limited information regarding the prevalence of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in South East Asia. The primary objective was to assess the prevalence of extracranial carotid stenosis, raised carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), and plaques in the patients with CAD undergoing elective CABG. The secondary objective was to evaluate the risk factors for extracranial carotid atherosclerosis.A total of 119 consecutive patients with CAD undergoing elective CABG in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia were recruited. Data on the demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected. The ultrasound carotid Doppler findings comprising of raised CIMT, plaques, and stenosis in the extracranial carotid vessels were recorded.The mean age of the patients was 64.26 ± 10.12 (range 42-89). Most of the patients were men (73.1%). The patients consisted of 44 (37%) Malays, 26 (21.8%) Chinese, and 49 (41.2%) Indians.A total of 67 (56.3%) patients had raised CIMT, 89 (74.8%) patients had plaques, and 10 (8.4%) patients had stenosis in the internal and common carotid arteries. The mean age of patients with plaques was higher compared to those without plaques (66.00 ± 9.63 vs 59.10 ± 9.92, P = .001). The body mass index (BMI) of patients with stenosis was higher compared to those without stenosis (28.35 ± 4.92 vs 25.75 ± 3.16, P = .02).The patients with plaques were more likely to be older, whereas the patients with carotid stenosis were more likely to have higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei-Ling Sharon Tai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Objectives and Background: Arterial dissection (AD) of the vertebral artery (VA) or its branches may cause ischemic stroke of the posterior circulation. However, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with AD-related cerebellar infarction (CI) have rarely been reported. Methods: Forty-nine patients with CI admitted to our department from April 2008 to March 2015 were identified from our database. After dichotomization into the AD and non-AD group, their demographics and presenting symptoms were compared. Subsequently, a multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify variables that correlated with AD. Results: During the 7-year period, 14 and 35 patients were identified in the AD and non-AD group, respectively. The AD group was significantly younger than the non-AD group (55.0 ± 16.3 vs. 69.7 ± 10.7 years, P = 0.001) and was also more likely to experience acute pain at onset (86% vs. 17%, P < 0.001). Using a multivariate regression analysis, these two variables and the male sex were found to correlate with AD. AD was located in extracranial VA (n = 3); intracranial VA (n = 8); posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) (n = 3); and superior cerebellar artery (n = 1). Identification of AD was delayed in one patient with an extracranial VA and one patient with a PICA dissection. Conclusions: AD was responsible for approximately 30% of CI in our cohort. Pain at onset may be a useful symptom to identify patients with AD-related CI. While intracranial VA was the most common location of AD, physicians should be aware of the possibility of extracranial VA or PICA dissection in patients with seemingly unremarkable radiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Inamasu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
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20
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Bhatt AD, Jacobson A, Lee RY, Giraud C, Schwab JH, Hornicek FJ, Nielsen P, Choy E, Harmon D, DeLaney TF, Chen YLE. High-Dose Proton Beam-Based Radiation Therapy in the Management of Extracranial Chondrosarcomas. Int J Part Ther 2017; 3:373-381. [PMID: 31772986 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-16-00018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radiation therapy (RT) improves local tumor control in axial chondrosarcomas (CS). It is, however, often difficult to safely deliver the high doses (range, 70.2-77.4 Gy) required for achieving a high likelihood of local control, especially in the spine, using photons. This, however, can be achieved with proton beam therapy (PBT) due to its unique physical characteristics. The main goal of our study is to evaluate the outcomes of CS patients treated with passive scattered PBT. Materials and Methods Forty-four patients (N = 44) were identified who received PBT as part of their treatment from 1990 to 2012. A retrospective review of their medical and RT treatment records was conducted. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify patient- and tumor-related factors predicting for improved local control and overall survival. Results Median age was 45.5 years and 55% were female. Median tumor size was 13 cm. Most common anatomical location was the spine (80%). Median follow-up was 29.1 months. Median external beam RT dose was 70.2 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at 1.8 Gy (RBE) per fraction typically administered using a combination of photon RT + PBT (77%) or PBT alone (23%). Local control was 76% and 57%, and overall survival was 90% and 68% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Toxicity was acceptable, with the most frequent being wound complications (16%). On multivariate analyses, grade III tumors were significantly associated with decreased local control (P = 0.019), while female sex (P = 0.037) and grade III tumors (P = 0.005) were associated with a poorer overall survival. Conclusions High-dose proton-based RT in combination with surgery resulted in local tumor control in most of these high-risk CS patients. Female sex was predictive for decreased survival, while higher tumor grade (grade III) was predictive of decreased local control and survival. Proton beam therapy is an attractive treatment modality for these challenging tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish D Bhatt
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Jacobson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Christine Giraud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Harmon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F DeLaney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Lin E Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Applebaum MA, Barnes C, Harrington M. What Is It? A Rare Presentation of a Meningioma. Eplasty 2016; 16:e40. [PMID: 28101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Primary extracranial meningiomas are rare manifestations of a central nervous system tumor. This article presents a case study of a soft-tissue primary extracranial tumor in the temporal region that was initially diagnosed as melanoma at an outside institution and whose definitive diagnosis proved difficult prior to successful excision. Methods: Temporal muscle biopsy, ultrasound-guided biopsy, and computed tomography were conducted at an outside institution prior to the patient's presentation to our care. Upon presenting to our institution a positron emission tomographic scan was then conducted prior to excision. After excision, the mass was sent to pathology and further immunohistochemistry was conducted. To ensure the mass was completely excised, magnetic resonance imaging was performed after its removal. Results: A 3 × 3-cm mass was excised in its entirety from the patient's temporal region and sent to pathology for immunohistochemistry and mutation testing. It proved to have the most common mutation for a primary extracranial meningioma, a neurofibromatosis type 2 frameshift. Conclusion: The presentation of a primary extracranial meningioma in the temporal region is a rare finding. Because of its slow-growing nature and generally asymptomatic presentation, it can be misdiagnosed. Utilization of radiological imaging is essential both pre- and postoperatively in order for its identification and complete excision.
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22
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Zheng X, Guo K, Wang H, Li D, Wu Y, Ji Q, Shen Q, Sun T, Xiang J, Zeng W, Chen Y, Wang Z. Extracranial schwannoma in the carotid space: A retrospective review of 91 cases. Head Neck 2016; 39:42-47. [PMID: 27442804 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwannomas of the vagus nerve and cervical sympathetic nerve are rare; hence, only limited information exists regarding their diagnosis and clinical management. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical features, imaging studies, and treatment results of patients with schwannoma of the vagus nerve and schwannoma of the sympathetic nerve. RESULTS Of 91 patients, 91% (n = 83) were preoperatively diagnosed with schwannoma tumors. Using the hyoid bone as an anatomic landmark, the location of the schwannoma of the vagus nerve in the carotid space was significantly different to the location of schwannoma of the sympathetic nerve (p = .003). Although 52 of the 76 patients followed up (68%) had postoperative nerve weaknesses, 13 patients (50%) and 14 patients (53.8%), respectively, fully recovered from schwannoma of the vagus nerve and schwannoma of the sympathetic nerve. CONCLUSION In the carotid space, schwannomas of the vagus nerve are usually located below the hyoid bone, whereas schwannomas of the sympathetic nerve more commonly arise from the suprahyoid compartment. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and the intracapsular enucleation surgical approach decreased the incidence of postoperative morbidity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 39: 42-47, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongshi Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duanshu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuanqi Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Abstract
Vertebral artery fenestration is accidentally detected during angiography or autopsy. Spontaneous deep nuclear hemorrhage in association with vertebral artery fenestration is a very unusual finding in angiography. Such an unusual finding has not been reported in the English literature. Here, we report two cases of spontaneous deep nuclear hemorrhage that presented with features of raised intracranial pressure. Computed tomography revealed a deep nuclear acute bleed in both cases. Digital subtraction angiographic findings were normal other than the presence of a long segment vertebral artery fenestration. Both extracranial and intracranial variations were detected. Although the existence of vascular fenestration in the vertebrobasilar system produces less clinical importance, it may influence the management of cervical and intracranial pathologies to avoid iatrogenic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil Munakomi
- Neurosurgery, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal
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24
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Reinitz LZ, Bajzik G, Garamvölgyi R, Petneházy Ö, Lassó A, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Lőrincz B, Sótonyi P. COMPARISON BETWEEN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ESTIMATES OF EXTRACRANIAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID VOLUME AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS IN HEALTHY DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56:658-65. [PMID: 26311617 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dosages for myelography procedures in dogs are based on a hypothetical proportional relationship between bodyweight and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume. Anecdotal radiographic evidence and recent studies have challenged the existence of such a defined relationship in dogs. The objectives of this prospective cross-sectional study were to describe CSF volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a group of clinically healthy dogs, measure the accuracy of MRI CSF volumes, and compare MRI CSF volumes with dog physical measurements. A sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip-angle evolution MRI examination of the central nervous system was carried out on 12 healthy, male mongrel dogs, aged between 3 and 5 years with a bodyweight range of 7.5-35.0 kg. The images were processed with image analysis freeware (3D Slicer) in order to calculate the volume of extracranial CSF. Cylindrical phantoms of known volume were included in scans and used to calculate accuracy of MRI volume estimates. The accuracy of MRI volume estimates was 99.8%. Extracranial compartment CSF volumes ranged from 20.21 to 44.06 ml. Overall volume of the extracranial CSF increased linearly with bodyweight, but the proportional volume (ml/bodyweight kilograms) of the extracranial CSF was inversely proportional to bodyweight. Relative ratios of volumes in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral regions were constant. Findings indicated that the current standard method of using body weight to calculate dosages of myelographic contrast agents in dogs may need to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Z Reinitz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bajzik
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary
| | - Örs Petneházy
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary
| | - András Lassó
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Hungary
| | - Borbála Lőrincz
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár University, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Hungary
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25
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Abstract
Hijab (headscarf) headache is well known among wearers and is a common topic of discussion. It has never previously been reported in the medical literature. Five women described bilateral headache either prompted by or worsened by donning the hijab, or headscarf. The headache always resolved soon after removal of the headscarf. Hijab headache may also be alleviated by minimal modifications in style while allowing women to maintain their moral conviction. It likely represents an extracranial etiology of headache, and recognition may prevent unnecessary evaluation and suffering in hijab wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma N Ansari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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26
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Abstract
The purposes of this retrospective case series study were to examine the outcome of the operative treatment of extracranial nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) of the skull base and to learn the optimal management. The study was conducted at a university teaching hospital and a regional referral center. A total of 19 cases of benign extracranial NSTs of the skull base who presented to the otolaryngology department over a period of 10 years were studied regarding the clinical, radiological, and pathological features and the operative and postoperative management. In the majority, these tumors originated from cranial nerves; postoperative complications were frequent and depended on the nerve of origin. Postoperative nerve deficit was apparent in 10 cases, and a second operation was necessary in 8 cases. The greatest postoperative morbidity was associated with the parapharyngeal NSTs (i.e., dysphagia in 30%, dysphonia in 30%, and Horner's syndrome in 20% of cases). The conclusion from this study is that high postoperative morbidity resulting from surgery on skull base NSTs demands an integrated approach between the otolaryngologist, plastic surgeon, neurosurgeon, speech therapist, physiotherapist, dietician, and occupational therapist and a clear strategy of long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Biswas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, Bristol, United Kingdom
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27
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Gupta T, Phurailatpam R, Ajay M, Rajeshri P, Pranshu M, Supriya C. Quality assurance and commissioning of an infrared marker-based patient positioning system for frameless extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy. Int J Biomed Sci 2007; 3:298-301. [PMID: 23675057 PMCID: PMC3614655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in imaging technology have led to remarkable improvements in identification and localization of tumors, ushering the era of high-precision techniques in contemporary radiotherapy practice. However, uncertainties in patient set-up and organ motion during a course of fractionated radiotherapy can compromise precision of radiation therapy. Excellent accuracy has been achieved with invasive and non-invasive fixation systems for stereotactic radiotherapy. This report describes the commissioning procedure and Quality Assurance studies done to evaluate the accuracy of isocenter localization by an infrared marker-based positioning system (ExacTrac). The ExacTrac has two infrared cameras that emit and detect infrared rays from reflective markers and construct three-dimensional coordinates of each marker. It detects the difference of the actual isocenter position from the planned isocenter coordinates in three translational (lateral, longitudinal, vertical, or x,y,z axes) and three rotational axes (six degree of freedom). This study performed on a flat and static phantom shows excellent accuracy achieved by the ExacTrac system. The positioning accuracy of ExacTrac (± 1 mm translational displacement and ± 1° rotational errors) can be a valuable tool in implementing frameless extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy. Nevertheless, it needs to be further evaluated on patients with inherent motion and greater positional uncertainty before being adopted in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejpal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India;,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Reena Phurailatpam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India;
| | - Mishra Ajay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India;
| | - Pai Rajeshri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India;
| | - Mohindra Pranshu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Chopra Supriya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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