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Li L, Liu Z, Liang R, Yang M, Yan Y, Jiao Y, Jiao Z, Hu X, Li M, Shen Z, Peng G. Novel mutation N588 residue in the NS1 protein of feline parvovirus greatly augments viral replication. J Virol 2024:e0009324. [PMID: 38591899 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00093-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV) infection is highly fatal in felines. NS1, which is a key nonstructural protein of FPV, can inhibit host innate immunity and promote viral replication, which is the main reason for the severe pathogenicity of FPV. However, the mechanism by which the NS1 protein disrupts host immunity and regulates viral replication is still unclear. Here, we identified an FPV M1 strain that is regulated by the NS1 protein and has more pronounced suppression of innate immunity, resulting in robust replication. We found that the neutralization titer of the FPV M1 strain was significantly lower than that of the other strains. Moreover, FPV M1 had powerful replication ability, and the FPV M1-NS1 protein had heightened efficacy in repressing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. Subsequently, we constructed an FPV reverse genetic system, which confirmed that the N588 residue of FPV M1-NS1 protein is a key amino acid that bolsters viral proliferation. Recombinant virus containing N588 also had stronger ability to inhibit ISGs, and lower ISGs levels promoted viral replication and reduced the neutralization titer of the positive control serum. Finally, we confirmed that the difference in viral replication was abolished in type I IFN receptor knockout cell lines. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the N588 residue of the NS1 protein is a critical amino acid that promotes viral proliferation by increasing the inhibition of ISGs expression. These insights provide a reference for studying the relationship between parvovirus-mediated inhibition of host innate immunity and viral replication while facilitating improved FPV vaccine production.IMPORTANCEFPV infection is a viral infectious disease with the highest mortality rate in felines. A universal feature of parvovirus is its ability to inhibit host innate immunity, and its ability to suppress innate immunity is mainly accomplished by the NS1 protein. In the present study, FPV was used as a viral model to explore the mechanism by which the NS1 protein inhibits innate immunity and regulates viral replication. Studies have shown that the FPV-NS1 protein containing the N588 residue strongly inhibits the expression of host ISGs, thereby increasing the viral proliferation titer. In addition, the presence of the N588 residue can increase the proliferation titer of the strain 5- to 10-fold without affecting its virulence and immunogenicity. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights and guidance for studying the mechanisms by which parvoviruses suppress innate immunity and for developing high-yielding FPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhou Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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Xie Q, Sun Z, Xue X, Pan Y, Zhen S, Liu Y, Zhan J, Jiang L, Zhang J, Zhu H, Yu X, Zhang X. China-origin G1 group isolate FPV072 exhibits higher infectivity and pathogenicity than G2 group isolate FPV027. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1328244. [PMID: 38288138 PMCID: PMC10822907 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline parvovirus (FPV), a single-stranded DNA virus, is accountable for causing feline panleukopenia, a highly contagious and often lethal disease that primarily affects cats. The epidemiology prevalence and pathogenicity of FPV in certain regions of China, however, remains unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the epidemiology of FPV in different regions of China in 2021 and compare its infectivity and pathogenicity. Methods In this research, a total of 36 FPV strains were obtained from diverse regions across China. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the VP2 and NS1 sequences, and two representative strains, FPV027 and FPV072, which belonged to different branches, were selected for comparative assessment of infectivity and pathogenicity. Results and discussion The results revealed that all strains were phylogenetically classified into two groups, G1 and G2, with a higher prevalence of G1 strains in China. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FPV072 (G1 group) exhibited enhanced infectivity and pathogenicity compared to FPV027 (G2 Group). The structural alignment of the VP2 protein between the two viruses revealed mutations in residues 91, 232, and 300 that may contribute to differences in infectivity and pathogenicity. The findings from these observations will contribute significantly to the overall understanding of the molecular epidemiology of FPV in China and facilitate the development of an effective FPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Xiu Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Yajie Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Shuye Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Jiuyu Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Pet Infectious Diseases and Public Health in the Middle and Lower Stream Regions of the Yellow River, Yantai, China
- Provincial Engineering Research Center for Pet Animal Vaccines, Yantai, China
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