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Lin CY, Nguyen NN, Tsai WL, Hsieh RH, Wu HT, Chen YC. Aspartame Intake Delayed Puberty Onset in Female Offspring Rats and Girls. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300270. [PMID: 38389198 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, gut microbiota (GM) community, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is a triggering factor for pubertal onset. The study investigates the effects of the long-term intake of aspartame on puberty and GM in animals and humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Aspartame-fed female offspring rats result in vaginal opening time prolongation, serum estrogen reduction, and serum luteinizing hormone elevation. , 60 mg kg-1 aspartame treatment decreases the mRNA levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Kiss1, and G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), increases the mRNA level of RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), and decreases the expression of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Significant differences in relative bacterial abundance at the genus levels and decreased fecal SCFA levels are noted by 60 mg kg-1 aspartame treatment. Among which, Escherichia-Shigella is negatively correlated with several SCFAs. In girls, high-dose aspartame consumption decreases the risk of precocious puberty. CONCLUSIONS Aspartame reduces the chance of puberty occurring earlier than usual in female offspring and girls. Particularly, 60 mg kg-1 aspartame-fed female offspring delays pubertal onset through the dysregulation of HPG axis and GM composition by inhibiting the Kiss1/GPR54 system and inducing the RFRP-3. An acceptable dose of aspartame should be recommended during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, College of LOHAS, Taipei University of Marine Technology, New Taipei City, 25172, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung, University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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