van der Velde LA, van Dijk WW, Numans ME, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior for Explaining Dietary Quality: The Role of
Financial Scarcity and Food Insecurity Status.
J Nutr Educ Behav 2022;
54:636-646. [PMID:
35644785 DOI:
10.1016/j.jneb.2022.02.019]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) that included finance-related barriers better explained dietary quality.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey.
PARTICIPANTS
One-thousand and thirty-three participants were included from a Dutch independent adult panel.
MAIN OUTCOME
Dietary quality.
ANALYSIS
Five TPB models were assessed: a traditional TPB, a TPB that included direct associations between attitude and subjective norm with dietary quality, a TPB that additionally included financial scarcity or food insecurity, and a TPB that additionally included financial scarcity and food insecurity simultaneously. Structural relationships among the constructs were tested to compare the explanatory power.
RESULTS
The traditional TPB showed poorest fit (χ2/degrees of freedom = 11; comparative fit index = 0.75; root mean square error of approximation [95% confidence interval], 0.10 [0.091-0.12]; standardized root mean square residual = 0.049), the most extended TPB (including both financial scarcity and food insecurity) showed best fit (χ2/degrees of freedom = 3.3; comparative fit index = 0.95; root mean square error of approximation [95% confidence interval], 0.050 [0.035-0.065]; standardized root mean square residual = 0.018). All 5 structure models explained ∼42% to 43% of the variance in intention; however, the variance in dietary quality was better explained by the extended TPB models, including food insecurity and/or financial scarcity (∼22%) compared with the traditional TBP (∼7%), indicating that these models better explained differences in dietary quality.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
These findings highlight the importance of accounting for finance-related barriers to healthy eating like financial scarcity or food insecurity to better understand individual dietary behaviors in lower socioeconomic groups.
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