1
|
Rodríguez-Morales D, Aguirre-Jaimes A, García-Franco JG. Effects of Florivory on Floral Visitors and Reproductive Success of Sagittaria lancifolia (Alismataceae) in a Mexican Wetland. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:547. [PMID: 38498564 PMCID: PMC10893147 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Florivores consume floral structures with negative effects on plant fitness and pollinator attraction. Several studies have evaluated these consequences in hermaphroditic plants, but little is known about the effects on monoecious and dioecious species. We characterize the florivory and its effects on floral visitors and reproductive success in a monoecious population of Sagittaria lancifolia. Five categories of florivory were established according to the petal area consumed. Visits were recorded in male and female flowers within the different damage categories. Reproductive success was evaluated through fruit number and weight, as well as the number of seeds per fruit. Our results show that the weevil Tanysphyrus lemnae is the main florivore, and it mainly damages the female flowers. Hymenoptera were recorded as the most frequent visitors of both male and female flowers. Male and female flowers showed differences in visit frequency, which decreases as flower damage increases. Reproductive success was negatively related to the level of damage. We found that florivory is common in the population of S. lancifolia, which can exert a strong selective pressure by making the flowers less attractive and reducing the number of seeds per fruit. Future studies are needed to know how florivores affect plant male fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Aguirre-Jaimes
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, VC, Mexico;
| | - José G. García-Franco
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, VC, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boaventura MG, Villamil N, Teixido AL, Tito R, Vasconcelos HL, Silveira FAO, Cornelissen T. Revisiting florivory: an integrative review and global patterns of a neglected interaction. New Phytol 2022; 233:132-144. [PMID: 34363707 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Florivory is an ancient interaction which has rarely been quantified due to a lack of standardized protocols, thus impairing biogeographical and phylogenetic comparisons. We created a global, continuously updated, open-access database comprising 180 species and 64 families to compare floral damage between tropical and temperate plants, to examine the effects of plant traits on floral damage, and to explore the eco-evolutionary dynamics of flower-florivore interactions. Flower damage is widespread across angiosperms, but was two-fold higher in tropical vs temperate species, suggesting stronger fitness impacts in the tropics. Flowers were mostly damaged by chewers, but neither flower color nor symmetry explained differences in florivory. Herbivory and florivory levels were positively correlated within species, even though the richness of the florivore community does not affect florivory levels. We show that florivory impacts plant fitness via multiple pathways and that ignoring this interaction makes it more difficult to obtain a broad understanding of the ecology and evolution of angiosperms. Finally, we propose a standardized protocol for florivory measurements, and identify key research avenues that will help fill persistent knowledge gaps. Florivory is expected to be a central research topic in an epoch characterized by widespread decreases in insect populations that comprise both pollinators and florivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Boaventura
- Center for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, CP 486, Brazil
| | - Nora Villamil
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Cuiabá, MT, E-78060-900, Brazil
| | - Richard Tito
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, 15088, Peru
| | - Heraldo L Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Center for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, CP 486, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Cornelissen
- Center for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, CP 486, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsuji K, Ohgushi T. Florivory indirectly decreases the plant reproductive output through changes in pollinator attraction. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2993-3001. [PMID: 29531712 PMCID: PMC5838046 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Species often interact indirectly with each other via their traits. There is increasing appreciation of trait-mediated indirect effects linking multiple interactions. Flowers interact with both pollinators and floral herbivores, and the flower-pollinator interaction may be modified by indirect effects of floral herbivores (i.e., florivores) on flower traits such as flower size attracting pollinators. To explore whether flower size affects the flower-pollinator interaction, we used Eurya japonica flowers. We examined whether artificial florivory decreased fruit and seed production, and also whether flower size affected florivory and the number of floral visitors. The petal removal treatment (i.e., artificial florivory) showed approximately 50% reduction in both fruit and seed set in natural pollination but not in artificial pollination. Furthermore, flower size increased the number of floral visitors, although it did not affect the frequency of florivory. Our results demonstrate that petal removal indirectly decreased 75% of female reproductive output via decreased flower visits by pollinators and that flower size mediated indirect interactions between florivory and floral visitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Tsuji
- Center of Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | | |
Collapse
|