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Rahma A, Hanadhita D, Prawira AY, Rahmiati DU, Gunanti G, Maheshwari H, Satyaningtijas AS, Agungpriyono S. Radiographic anatomy of the heart of fruit bats. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:604-613. [PMID: 33660324 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the only mammal that can fly, bats have organ systems with a unique morphophysiology. One of the highlights is the heart and blood circulation system, which must be able to meet the needs of blood and oxygen supply when flying. This study examined the radiography of the normal condition of the heart organ in 3 species of fruit bats, namely Cynopterus titthaecheilus, Cynopterus brachyotis and Rousettus leschenaultii using radiological silhouette analysis and clock analogy. The results showed that the heart positions of the three bat species tend to be tilted to the left with the apex moving away from the midsagittal plane. Analysis of intercostal space (ICS) value and vertebral heart score (VHS), and evaluation of radiographic features showed R. leschenaultii has a relatively larger heart size than the other two species. All three bat species have a higher VHS than mammals in general. Radiographic images obtained, and interpretation results show the position, size and normal heart parts of the three bat species. They will be useful in diagnostic efforts related to heart problems in these three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Rahma
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Desrayni Hanadhita
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Andhika Yudha Prawira
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Utari Rahmiati
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gunanti Gunanti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hera Maheshwari
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Aryani Sismin Satyaningtijas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
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Torres CR, Norell MA, Clarke JA. Estimating Flight Style of Early Eocene Stem Palaeognath Bird Calciavis grandei (Lithornithidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1035-1042. [PMID: 31313482 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lithornithids are volant stem palaeognaths from the Paleocene-Eocene. Except for these taxa and the extant neotropical tinamous, all other known extinct and extant palaeognaths are flightless. Investigation of properties of the lithornithid wing and its implications for inference of flight style informs understood locomotor diversity within Palaeognathae and may have implications for estimation of ancestral traits in the clade. Qualitative comparisons with their closest extant volant relatives, the burst-flying tinamous, previously revealed skeletal differences suggesting lithornithids were capable of sustained flight, but quantitative work on wing morphology have been lacking. Until comparatively recently, specimens of lithornithids preserving wing feather remains have been limited. Here, we reconstruct the wing of an exceptionally preserved specimen of the Early Eocene lithornithid Calciavis grandei and estimate body mass, wing surface area, and wing span. We then estimate flight parameters and compare our estimates with representatives from across Aves in a statistical framework. We predict that flight in C. grandei was likely marked by continuous flapping, and that lithornithids were capable of sustained flight and migratory behavior. Our results are consistent with previous hypotheses that the ancestor of extant Palaeognathae may also have been capable of sustained flight. Anat Rec, 303:1035-1042, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Norell
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York.,Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Julia A Clarke
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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