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Millette NC, Gast RJ, Luo JY, Moeller HV, Stamieszkin K, Andersen KH, Brownlee EF, Cohen NR, Duhamel S, Dutkiewicz S, Glibert PM, Johnson MD, Leles SG, Maloney AE, Mcmanus GB, Poulton N, Princiotta SD, Sanders RW, Wilken S. Mixoplankton and mixotrophy: future research priorities. J Plankton Res 2023; 45:576-596. [PMID: 37483910 PMCID: PMC10361813 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phago-mixotrophy, the combination of photoautotrophy and phagotrophy in mixoplankton, organisms that can combine both trophic strategies, have gained increasing attention over the past decade. It is now recognized that a substantial number of protistan plankton species engage in phago-mixotrophy to obtain nutrients for growth and reproduction under a range of environmental conditions. Unfortunately, our current understanding of mixoplankton in aquatic systems significantly lags behind our understanding of zooplankton and phytoplankton, limiting our ability to fully comprehend the role of mixoplankton (and phago-mixotrophy) in the plankton food web and biogeochemical cycling. Here, we put forward five research directions that we believe will lead to major advancement in the field: (i) evolution: understanding mixotrophy in the context of the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to photoautotrophy; (ii) traits and trade-offs: identifying the key traits and trade-offs constraining mixotrophic metabolisms; (iii) biogeography: large-scale patterns of mixoplankton distribution; (iv) biogeochemistry and trophic transfer: understanding mixoplankton as conduits of nutrients and energy; and (v) in situ methods: improving the identification of in situ mixoplankton and their phago-mixotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Gast
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jessica Y Luo
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 201 Forrestal Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Holly V Moeller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1120 Noble Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Karen Stamieszkin
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Ken H Andersen
- Center for Ocean Life, Natl. Inst. of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 202, Kongens Lyngby 2840, Denmark
| | - Emily F Brownlee
- Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, 18952 E. Fisher Road, St. Mary’s City, MD 20686, USA
| | - Natalie R Cohen
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, 10 Ocean Science Circle, Savannah, GA 31411, USA
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Arizona, 1007 E Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02874, USA
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Suzana G Leles
- Department of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ashley E Maloney
- Geosciences Department, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - George B Mcmanus
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Nicole Poulton
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Sarah D Princiotta
- Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, Schuylkill Campus, 200 University Drive, Schuylkill Haven, PA 17972, USA
| | - Robert W Sanders
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Susanne Wilken
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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Schmidt JM, Acebes-Doria A, Blaauw B, Kheirodin A, Pandey S, Lennon K, Kaldor AD, Toledo PFS, Grabarczyk EE. Identifying Molecular-Based Trophic Interactions as a Resource for Advanced Integrated Pest Management. Insects 2021; 12:insects12040358. [PMID: 33923556 PMCID: PMC8073380 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With increasing human populations and the need for ecosystem services to work in synergy with the production of specialty crops, the maintenance of biodiversity is becoming increasingly important. The aims of this study were to review the current literature employing molecular analysis to reveal the roles of species in providing biological control in agricultural systems. Decrypting the trophic networks between biological control agents and agricultural pests is essential to build eco-friendly strategies that promote the natural management of pests before any mediations, such as chemical control strategies, are required. It was found, during the review process, that our understanding of biological control communities is lacking in many agricultural systems, including common fruit and vegetable production, both in terms of what species are doing for crop production, and how various environmental challenges (i.e., land-use and habitat management concepts, such as wildflower borders) influence species interactions and the delivery of biological control services. New techniques harvesting the power of DNA to reveal species’ roles in specialty crops are an avenue forward to help integrate natural pest management into our standard operating procedures. Abstract Biodiversity is an essential attribute of sustainable agroecosystems. Diverse arthropod communities deliver multiple ecosystem services, such as biological control, which are the core of integrated pest management programs. The molecular analysis of arthropod diets has emerged as a new tool to monitor and help predict the outcomes of management on the functioning of arthropod communities. Here, we briefly review the recent molecular analysis of predators and parasitoids in agricultural environments. We focus on the developments of molecular gut content analysis (MGCA) implemented to unravel the function of community members, and their roles in biological control. We examine the agricultural systems in which this tool has been applied, and at what ecological scales. Additionally, we review the use of MGCA to uncover vertebrate roles in pest management, which commonly receives less attention. Applying MGCA to understand agricultural food webs is likely to provide an indicator of how management strategies either improve food web properties (i.e., enhanced biological control), or adversely impact them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Schmidt
- Department of Entomology, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA; (A.A.-D.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (K.L.); (P.F.S.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angelita Acebes-Doria
- Department of Entomology, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA; (A.A.-D.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (K.L.); (P.F.S.T.)
| | - Brett Blaauw
- Department of Entomology, Athens Campus, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.B.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Arash Kheirodin
- Department of Entomology, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA; (A.A.-D.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (K.L.); (P.F.S.T.)
| | - Swikriti Pandey
- Department of Entomology, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA; (A.A.-D.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (K.L.); (P.F.S.T.)
| | - Kylie Lennon
- Department of Entomology, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA; (A.A.-D.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (K.L.); (P.F.S.T.)
| | - Amos D. Kaldor
- Department of Entomology, Athens Campus, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.B.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Pedro F. S. Toledo
- Department of Entomology, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA; (A.A.-D.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (K.L.); (P.F.S.T.)
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De la Cadena G, Papadopoulou A, Maes JM, Gómez-Zurita J. Evaluation of bias on the assessment of diet breadth of herbivorous insects using molecular methods. Insect Sci 2017; 24:194-209. [PMID: 26663763 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between herbivores and their host plants play a key role in ecological processes. Understanding the width and nature of these interactions is fundamental to ecology and conservation. Recent research on DNA-based inference of trophic associations suggests that the host range of phytophagous insects in the tropics may be wider than previously thought based on traditional observation. However, the reliability of molecular inference of ecological associations, still strongly dependent on PCR and thus exposed to the risk of contamination with environmental DNA, is under debate. Here, we explored alternative procedures to reduce the chance of amplification of external, nondiet DNA, including surface decontamination and analysis of mid/hind guts, comparing the results with those obtained using the standard protocol. We studied 261 specimens in eight species of Neotropical Chrysomelidae that yielded 316 psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences (cpDNA marker of putative diets) from unique and multiple-band PCR results. The taxonomic identity of these sequences was inferred using the automated pipeline BAGpipe, yielding results consistent with 31 plant families. Regardless of the protocol used, a wide taxonomic spectrum of food was inferred for all chrysomelid species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis using these data revealed significant differences attributed mainly to species (expectedly, since they represent different ecologies), but also to treatment (untreated vs. cleaned/gut samples) and PCR results (single vs. multiple bands). Molecular identification of diets is not straightforward and, regardless of the species' niche breadth, combining approaches that reduce external contamination and studying multiple individuals per species may help increasing confidence in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela De la Cadena
- Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Gómez-Zurita
- Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
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MacGregor CJ, Pocock MJO, Fox R, Evans DM. Pollination by nocturnal Lepidoptera, and the effects of light pollution: a review. Ecol Entomol 2015; 40:187-198. [PMID: 25914438 PMCID: PMC4405039 DOI: 10.1111/een.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Moths (Lepidoptera) are the major nocturnal pollinators of flowers. However, their importance and contribution to the provision of pollination ecosystem services may have been under-appreciated. Evidence was identified that moths are important pollinators of a diverse range of plant species in diverse ecosystems across the world. 2. Moth populations are known to be undergoing significant declines in several European countries. Among the potential drivers of this decline is increasing light pollution. The known and possible effects of artificial night lighting upon moths were reviewed, and suggest how artificial night lighting might in turn affect the provision of pollination by moths. The need for studies of the effects of artificial night lighting upon whole communities of moths was highlighted. 3. An ecological network approach is one valuable method to consider the effects of artificial night lighting upon the provision of pollination by moths, as it provides useful insights into ecosystem functioning and stability, and may help elucidate the indirect effects of artificial light upon communities of moths and the plants they pollinate. 4. It was concluded that nocturnal pollination is an ecosystem process that may potentially be disrupted by increasing light pollution, although the nature of this disruption remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J MacGregor
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull Hull, U.K. ; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford, U.K. ; Butterfly Conservation Wareham, U.K
| | | | | | - Darren M Evans
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull Hull, U.K
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Albouy C, Velez L, Coll M, Colloca F, Le Loc'h F, Mouillot D, Gravel D. From projected species distribution to food-web structure under climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:730-741. [PMID: 24214576 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is inducing deep modifications in species geographic ranges worldwide. However, the consequences of such changes on community structure are still poorly understood, particularly the impacts on food-web properties. Here, we propose a new framework, coupling species distribution and trophic models, to predict climate change impacts on food-web structure across the Mediterranean Sea. Sea surface temperature was used to determine the fish climate niches and their future distributions. Body size was used to infer trophic interactions between fish species. Our projections reveal that 54 fish species of 256 endemic and native species included in our analysis would disappear by 2080-2099 from the Mediterranean continental shelf. The number of feeding links between fish species would decrease on 73.4% of the continental shelf. However, the connectance of the overall fish web would increase on average, from 0.26 to 0.29, mainly due to a differential loss rate of feeding links and species richness. This result masks a systematic decrease in predator generality, estimated here as the number of prey species, from 30.0 to 25.4. Therefore, our study highlights large-scale impacts of climate change on marine food-web structure with potential deep consequences on ecosystem functioning. However, these impacts will likely be highly heterogeneous in space, challenging our current understanding of climate change impact on local marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Albouy
- Laboratoire Écologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IRD-IFREMER ECOSYM, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France; Laboratoire Écosystèmes Marins Exploités UMR 212, IRD-IFREMER-UM2, avenue Jean Monnet BP171, Sète Cedex, 34203, France; Département de biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
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