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Sato Y, Matsumoto S, Ogata K, Bacal K, Nakatake M, Kitano T, Tokumaru O. The dose-response relationships of the direct scavenging activity of amide-based local anesthetics against multiple free radicals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:16-23. [PMID: 37534092 PMCID: PMC10390804 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to illustrate the dose-response relationships of the direct scavenging activity of amide-based local anesthetics against multiple free radicals in vitro. We have demonstrated that amide-type local anesthetics selectively and directly scavenge some free radicals. Three kinds of free radicals were eliminated by all the four local anesthetics examined. Mepivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and dibucaine scavenged hydroxyl radicals in dose-dependent manners. Ascorbyl free radicals were also scavenged in dose-dependent manners, and lastly singlet oxygen was scavenged in dose-dependent manners. Three other free radicals were not scavenged by all of the four local anesthetics; tert-butoxyl radical was scavenged by all the anesthetics examined but dibucaine, nitric oxide by mepivacaine but not by the other three, and tyrosyl radical by mepivacaine and lidocaine but not by the other two. Some free radicals (superoxide anion, tert-butyl peroxyl radical, DPPH) were not scavenged by any of the four local anesthetics. The local anesthetics were also shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay. These results suggest that local anesthetics have antioxidant properties through their free radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sato
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Shigekiyo Matsumoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kazue Ogata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Kira Bacal
- Medical Programme Directorate, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Bldg 507, 28 Park Ave, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Misato Nakatake
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kitano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Osamu Tokumaru
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
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Iordache TA, Badea N, Mihaila M, Crisan S, Pop AL, Lacatusu I. Polygonum cuspidatum Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Dual Inhibition of TNF-α- and IL-6 Cytokines and Free Radical Species. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093492. [PMID: 37176373 PMCID: PMC10179770 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was the testing of natural compounds, such as Polygonum cuspidatum (PgnC) loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which can act as a "double-edged sword" aimed at simultaneously combating dangerous free radicals and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resveratrol-rich PgnC extract was paired with another phytochemical, Diosgenin (DSG), in NLC. The lipid nanocarriers carrying both herbals (NLC-DSG-PgnC) had spherical diameters (100 ± 2 50 nm), a polydispersity index of ~0.15, and electrokinetic potentials greater than -46.5 mV. Entrapment efficiencies of 65% for PgnC and 87% for DSG were determined by chromatographic and UV-Vis spectroscopy assays. Cell cytotoxicity analysis proved that 50 µg/mL of NLC-PgnC and dual-NLC ensured a biocompatible effect like the untreated cells. The dual-NLC assured a much slower in vitro release of DSG and PgnC (67% PgnC and 48% DSG) than the individual-NLC (78% PgnC and 47% DSG) after 4 h of experiments. NLC encapsulating PgnC presented a superior ability to capture cationic radicals: 74.5 and 77.9%. The chemiluminescence results pointed out the non-involvement of DSG in stopping oxygenated free radicals, while the antioxidant activity was maintained at a level higher than 97% for dual-NLC. NLC-DSG-PgnC ensured a promising capacity for inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, ranging from 91.9 to 94.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Alexandra Iordache
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Polizu No. 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research & Development Institute for Food Bioresources-IBA Bucharest, 6th Dinu Vintila Street, 021101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Badea
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Polizu No. 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Mihaila
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Mihai Bravu Street No. 285, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Crisan
- R.D. Center, A.C. HELCOR, Victor Babes Street, 430082 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Lacatusu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Polizu No. 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Matsumoto S, Tokumaru O, Ogata K, Kuribayashi Y, Oyama Y, Shingu C, Yokoi I, Kitano T. Dose-dependent scavenging activity of the ultra-short-acting β1-blocker landiolol against specific free radicals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:185-190. [PMID: 36447489 PMCID: PMC9701591 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Landiolol, a highly cardioselective ultra-short-acting β1-blocker, prevents perioperative atrial fibrillation associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. We evaluated the direct scavenging activity of landiolol against multiple free radical species. Nine free radical species (hydroxyl, superoxide anion, ascorbyl, tert-butyl peroxyl, tert-butoxyl, singlet oxygen, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, and tyrosyl radicals) were directly quantified using an X-band ESR spectrometer with the spin-trapping method. IC50 and reaction rate constants were estimated from the dose-response curve for each free radical. Landiolol scavenged six of the free radical species examined: hydroxyl radical (IC50 = 0.76 mM, k landiolol = 1.4 × 1010 M-1 s-1, p<0.001), superoxide anion (58 mM, 2.1 M-1 s-1, p = 0.044), tert-butoxyl radical (4.3 mM, k landiolol/k CYPMPO = 0.77, p<0.001), ascorbyl free radical (0.31 mM, p<0.001), singlet oxygen (0.69 mM, k landiolol/k 4-OH TEMP = 2.9, p<0.001), and nitric oxide (15 mM, 1.7 × 10 M-1 s-1, p<0.001). This study is the first to report that landiolol dose-dependently scavenges multiple free radical species with different reaction rate constants. These results indicate the potential clinical application of landiolol as an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent in addition to its present clinical use as an anti-arrhythmic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekiyo Matsumoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Osamu Tokumaru
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Kazue Ogata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kuribayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shingu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Isao Yokoi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kitano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Yang GL, Jia LQ, Wu J, Ma YX, Cao HM, Song N, Zhang N. Effect of tanshinone IIA on oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat model of fatty liver. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4639-4646. [PMID: 29201162 PMCID: PMC5704301 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial factor associated with fatty liver disease, which raises the possibility of using antioxidants to improve liver steatosis. Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to have antioxidant effects in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate whether TSIIA possesses antioxidant effects in vivo and whether TSIIA was able to improve liver steatosis. Hence, the ability of TSIIA to protect rats from liver disease was explored, particularly in regard to antioxidant activity. Rats were fed a high-lipid diet for 90 days, causing severe liver steatosis, both morphologically and biochemically. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver was exhibited in addition to significantly elevated serum lipids and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, hepatocyte apoptosis was measured by Hoechst staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis and an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis rate was indicated in mice on a high-fat diet. Following intraperitoneal injection of TSIIA (10 mg/kg/day), liver steatosis was significantly inhibited. In rats receiving TSIIA treatment, less ROS were indicated in the liver and significantly decreased levels of MDA (P<0.05) in serum were exhibited, whereas significantly increased activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were observed (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In addition, the rate of hepatocyte apoptosis was significantly decreased in the TSIIA group (P<0.01). However, TSIIA elicited no effect on serum lipid profiles. These results suggest that TSIIA attenuates oxidative stress by decreasing ROS and MDA production and enhancing the activity of T-SOD and GSH-PX, which may contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis and amelioration of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
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Ngo BTT, Beiras-Fernandez A, Hammer C, Thein E. Hyperacute rejection in the xenogenic transplanted rat liver is triggered by the complement system only in the presence of leukocytes and free radical species. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:177-87. [PMID: 23656281 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide species (NOS) are pivotal after ischemia-reperfusion. However, the role of different cells on the formation of free radical species after xenotransplantation remains elusive. We hypothesized that ROS and NOS formed during hyperacute rejection are dependent on leukocytes, erythrocytes, activated thrombocytes, and Kupffer cells (KCs). To address this issue, we developed a model of xenoperfused rat liver and assessed the relationship between free radical production and graft dysfunction. METHODS Livers from Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, flushed with cold Ringer solution, and perfused at physically flow rates for 120 min after 1 h of ischemia. The control group was perfused with rat whole blood (n = 9). In the study groups, the livers were perfused with human whole blood, human plasma with erythrocytes, and plasma with erythrocytes and isolated thrombocytes (n = 9/group). In an additional group, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), a selective Kupffer cell (KC) toxic agent, was applied. Liver damage, hyperacute rejection, and the depletion of KCs were monitored histologically. Liver damage and function were determined by means of liver enzymes, portal pressure, and bile production. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide formation, and peroxynitrite concentration, as well as total glutathione (tGSH) level, were measured as indicators for free radical formation and anti-oxidative status. RESULTS Significant differences in the MDA, NO, peroxynitrite levels, and GSH levels after reperfusion with various cell populations were observed. Markedly high ROS/RNS production was evident in the KCs and the xenogeneic whole-blood group. The oxidative stress was mainly caused by leukocytes and to lower extent by KCs, but only in combination with leukocytes. Neither erythrocytes, thrombocytes, nor hepatocytes had an effect on the release of ROS and RNS, as we could not observe significant differences in the MDA, peroxynitrite, and NO levels in these groups compared with control. Tissue injury and hyperacute rejection were more evident in the KC and whole-blood livers. No sign of damage was observed for the control, erythrocyte, and thrombocyte group. Removal of leukocytes from the perfusate by filtration had a major protective effect on the liver function and the grade of hyperacute rejection, whereas KC depletion reduced the ROS production, but did not have an impact on the hyperacute rejection and liver damage. In all xenogeneic perfused groups, the activation of the complement was histologically observed by positive C3c and C9b. Neither KC depletion nor the removal of leukocytes or thrombocytes from the perfusate had an effect on the activation of the complement system. Damage of the rat liver by the complement system was only observed in association with leukocytes. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that various cell populations contribute to the formation of free radicals in our model. The production of free radicals was mainly linked to leukocytes and to a minor extent to KCs, but only in combination with leukocytes. Free radicals critically contribute to injury, rejection, and dysfunction of the xenotransplanted liver. Furthermore, hyperacute rejection in the xenogeneic perfused liver is triggered by the complement system only in the presence of leukocytes and free radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Thanh-Truc Ngo
- Institute for Surgical Research, LMU University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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