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Li C, Wickell D, Kuo LY, Chen X, Nie B, Liao X, Peng D, Ji J, Jenkins J, Williams M, Shu S, Plott C, Barry K, Rajasekar S, Grimwood J, Han X, Sun S, Hou Z, He W, Dai G, Sun C, Schmutz J, Leebens-Mack JH, Li FW, Wang L. Extraordinary preservation of gene collinearity over three hundred million years revealed in homosporous lycophytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312607121. [PMID: 38236735 PMCID: PMC10823260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312607121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Homosporous lycophytes (Lycopodiaceae) are a deeply diverged lineage in the plant tree of life, having split from heterosporous lycophytes (Selaginella and Isoetes) ~400 Mya. Compared to the heterosporous lineage, Lycopodiaceae has markedly larger genome sizes and remains the last major plant clade for which no chromosome-level assembly has been available. Here, we present chromosomal genome assemblies for two homosporous lycophyte species, the allotetraploid Huperzia asiatica and the diploid Diphasiastrum complanatum. Remarkably, despite that the two species diverged ~350 Mya, around 30% of the genes are still in syntenic blocks. Furthermore, both genomes had undergone independent whole genome duplications, and the resulting intragenomic syntenies have likewise been preserved relatively well. Such slow genome evolution over deep time is in stark contrast to heterosporous lycophytes and is correlated with a decelerated rate of nucleotide substitution. Together, the genomes of H. asiatica and D. complanatum not only fill a crucial gap in the plant genomic landscape but also highlight a potentially meaningful genomic contrast between homosporous and heterosporous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - David Wickell
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY14853
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Li-Yaung Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Bao Nie
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Xuezhu Liao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL35806
| | - Mellissa Williams
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL35806
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Christopher Plott
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL35806
| | - Kerrie Barry
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL35806
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Shichao Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Zhuangwei Hou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Weijun He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
| | - Guanhua Dai
- Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanji133000, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, China
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL35806
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | | | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY14853
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen518000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing100700, China
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Zhu T, Wang L, Rimbert H, Rodriguez JC, Deal KR, De Oliveira R, Choulet F, Keeble‐Gagnère G, Tibbits J, Rogers J, Eversole K, Appels R, Gu YQ, Mascher M, Dvorak J, Luo M. Optical maps refine the bread wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring genome assembly. Plant J 2021; 107:303-314. [PMID: 33893684 PMCID: PMC8360199 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, achieving a reference-quality genome sequence for bread wheat was long thought beyond the limits of genome sequencing and assembly technology, primarily due to the large genome size and > 80% repetitive sequence content. The release of the chromosome scale 14.5-Gb IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 genome sequence of bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS) was, therefore, a milestone. Here, we used a direct label and stain (DLS) optical map of the CS genome together with a prior nick, label, repair and stain (NLRS) optical map, and sequence contigs assembled with Pacific Biosciences long reads, to refine the v1.0 assembly. Inconsistencies between the sequence and maps were reconciled and gaps were closed. Gap filling and anchoring of 279 unplaced scaffolds increased the total length of pseudomolecules by 168 Mb (excluding Ns). Positions and orientations were corrected for 233 and 354 scaffolds, respectively, representing 10% of the genome sequence. The accuracy of the remaining 90% of the assembly was validated. As a result of the increased contiguity, the numbers of transposable elements (TEs) and intact TEs have increased in IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 compared with v1.0. In total, 98% of the gene models identified in v1.0 were mapped onto this new assembly through development of a dedicated approach implemented in the MAGAAT pipeline. The numbers of high-confidence genes on pseudomolecules have increased from 105 319 to 105 534. The reconciled assembly enhances the utility of the sequence for genetic mapping, comparative genomics, gene annotation and isolation, and more general studies on the biology of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Hélène Rimbert
- GDECUniversité Clermont AuvergneINRAEClermont‐Ferrand63000France
| | | | - Karin R. Deal
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | | | - Frédéric Choulet
- GDECUniversité Clermont AuvergneINRAEClermont‐Ferrand63000France
| | | | - Josquin Tibbits
- Centre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture VictoriaAgriBioBundooraVIC3083Australia
| | - Jane Rogers
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing ConsortiumEau ClaireWI54701USA
| | - Kellye Eversole
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing ConsortiumEau ClaireWI54701USA
| | - Rudi Appels
- Centre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture VictoriaAgriBioBundooraVIC3083Australia
- International Wheat Genome Sequencing ConsortiumEau ClaireWI54701USA
| | - Yong Q. Gu
- Crop Improvement and Genetics Research UnitUSDA‐ARSAlbanyCA94710USA
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Jan Dvorak
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ming‐Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
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3
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Meng F, Pan Y, Wang J, Yu J, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wei C, Guo H, Wang X. Cotton Duplicated Genes Produced by Polyploidy Show Significantly Elevated and Unbalanced Evolutionary Rates, Overwhelmingly Perturbing Gene Tree Topology. Front Genet 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32391043 PMCID: PMC7190988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A phylogenetic tree can be used to illustrate the evolutionary relationship between a group of genes, especially duplicated genes, which are sources of genetic innovation and are often a hotspot of research. However, duplicated genes may have complex phylogenetic topologies due to changes in their evolutionary rates. Here, by constructing phylogenetic trees using different methods, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of duplicated genes produced by polyploidization in cotton. We found that at least 83.2% of phylogenetic trees did not conform the expected topology. Moreover, cotton homologous gene copy number has little effect on the topology of duplicated genes. Compared with their cacao orthologs, elevated evolutionary rates of cotton genes are responsible for distorted tree topology. Furthermore, as to both branch and site models, we inferred that positive natural selection during the divergence of fiber-development-related MYB genes was likely, and found that the reconstructed tree topology may often overestimate natural selection, as compared to the inference with the expected trees. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of borrowing precious information from gene collinearity in tree construction and evaluation, and have evidence to alert the citation of thousands of previous reports of adaptivity and functional innovation of duplicated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbo Meng
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuxin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jigao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhikang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chendan Wei
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - He Guo
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.,Institute for Genomics and Bio-Big-Data, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Yuan J, Wang J, Yu J, Meng F, Zhao Y, Li J, Sun P, Sun S, Zhang Z, Liu C, Wei C, Guo H, Li X, Duan X, Shen S, Xie Y, Hou Y, Zhang J, Shehzad T, Wang X. Alignment of Rutaceae Genomes Reveals Lower Genome Fractionation Level Than Eudicot Genomes Affected by Extra Polyploidization. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31447866 PMCID: PMC6691040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their nutritional and commercial values, the genomes of several citrus plants have been sequenced, and the genome of one close relative in the Rutaceae family, atalantia (Atalantia buxifolia), has also been sequenced. Here, we show a family-level comparative analysis of Rutaceae genomes. By using grape as the outgroup and checking cross-genome gene collinearity, we systematically performed a hierarchical and event-related alignment of Rutaceae genomes, and produced a gene list defining homologous regions based on ancestral polyploidization or speciation. We characterized genome fractionation resulting from gene loss or relocation, and found that erosion of gene collinearity could largely be described by a geometric distribution. Moreover, we found that well-assembled Rutaceae genomes retained significantly more genes (65-82%) than other eudicots affected by recursive polyploidization. Additionally, we showed divergent evolutionary rates among Rutaceae plants, with sweet orange evolving faster than others, and by performing evolutionary rate correction, re-dated major evolutionary events during their evolution. We deduced that the divergence between the Rutaceae family and grape occurred about 81.15-91.74 million years ago (mya), while the split between citrus and atalantia plants occurred <10 mya. In addition, we showed that polyploidization led to a copy number expansion of key gene families contributing to the biosynthesis of vitamin C. Overall, the present effort provides an important comparative genomics resource and lays a foundation to understand the evolution and functional innovation of Rutaceae genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jigao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Pengchuan Sun
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Sangrong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhikang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chendan Wei
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - He Guo
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xueqian Duan
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shaoqi Shen
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yangqin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue Hou
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Tariq Shehzad
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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5
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Liu Y, Wang J, Ge W, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang N, Sun S, Zhang L, Wang X. Two Highly Similar Poplar Paleo-subgenomes Suggest an Autotetraploid Ancestor of Salicaceae Plants. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:571. [PMID: 28446920 PMCID: PMC5388744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As a model plant to study perennial trees in the Salicaceae family, the poplar (Populus trichocarpa) genome was sequenced, revealing recurrent paleo-polyploidizations during its evolution. A comparative and hierarchical alignment of its genome to a well-selected reference genome would help us better understand poplar's genome structure and gene family evolution. Here, by adopting the relatively simpler grape (Vitis vinifera) genome as reference, and by inferring both intra- and inter-genomic gene collinearity, we produced a united alignment of these two genomes and hierarchically distinguished the layers of paralogous and orthologous genes, as related to recursive polyploidizations and speciation. We uncovered homologous blocks in the grape and poplar genomes and also between them. Moreover, we characterized the genes missing and found that poplar had two considerably similar subgenomes (≤0.05 difference in gene deletion) produced by the Salicaceae-common tetraploidization, suggesting its autotetraploid nature. Taken together, this work provides a timely and valuable dataset of orthologous and paralogous genes for further study of the genome structure and functional evolution of poplar and other Salicaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhe Liu
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Weina Ge
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Yuxian Li
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Nanshan Yang
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Sangrong Sun
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiyin Wang,
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6
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Sun S, Wang J, Yu J, Meng F, Xia R, Wang L, Wang Z, Ge W, Liu X, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang N, Wang X. Alignment of Common Wheat and Other Grass Genomes Establishes a Comparative Genomics Research Platform. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1480. [PMID: 28912789 PMCID: PMC5582351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grass genomes are complicated structures as they share a common tetraploidization, and particular genomes have been further affected by extra polyploidizations. These events and the following genomic re-patternings have resulted in a complex, interweaving gene homology both within a genome, and between genomes. Accurately deciphering the structure of these complicated plant genomes would help us better understand their compositional and functional evolution at multiple scales. Here, we build on our previous research by performing a hierarchical alignment of the common wheat genome vis-à-vis eight other sequenced grass genomes with most up-to-date assemblies, and annotations. With this data, we constructed a list of the homologous genes, and then, in a layer-by-layer process, separated their orthology, and paralogy that were established by speciations and recursive polyploidizations, respectively. Compared with the other grasses, the far fewer collinear outparalogous genes within each of three subgenomes of common wheat suggest that homoeologous recombination, and genomic fractionation should have occurred after its formation. In sum, this work contributes to the establishment of an important and timely comparative genomics platform for researchers in the grass community and possibly beyond. Homologous gene list can be found in Supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangrong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Jigao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Ruiyan Xia
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Weina Ge
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Yuxian Li
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Yinzhe Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Nanshan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiyin Wang
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