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Almeida Rodrigues A, Almeida Rodrigues D, de Fátima Sales J, Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho S, Carlos Costa A, Lino Rodrigues C, Alves da Silva A, Domingos M, Müller C. Morphoanatomical, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators in Lactuca sativa L. Germination and Growth in Response to Fluoride. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3406. [PMID: 36501445 PMCID: PMC9738690 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is one of the main phytotoxic environmental pollutants, and high concentrations (10-30 mg L-1) are commonly detected in surface and groundwater. Little, however, is known about the effects of this pollutant on crops that require irrigation during their development, which, in addition to phytotoxicity, may cause negative human health effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the effects of potassium fluoride (KF) on the germination of lettuce seeds and identify the physiological and anatomical markers of this pollutant's action on plants exposed to it during growth. Initially, lettuce seeds were sown in gerboxes and soaked in solutions containing 0 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1, and 30 mg L-1 KF. Plants grown in a greenhouse were treated daily with KF irrigation at the same KF concentrations for 40 days. KF exposure reduced the germination rate and germination speed index of lettuce seeds at 20 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1, resulting in compromised root development at the highest KF concentration. Lettuce plants displayed a slight photosynthesis reduction and a significant photochemical efficiency decrease after exposures to all KF concentrations. Lower chlorophyll contents and nitrogen balance indices were observed in plants exposed to 30 mg L-1 KF. On the other hand, increases in phenolic compounds and malondialdehyde were noted with increasing KF concentrations. Lettuce plants can, therefore, accumulate fluoride in leaves when irrigated with KF-rich water. The investigated physiological and biochemical variables were proven to be adequate fluoride action biomarkers in lettuce plants and may become an important tool in the study of olericulture contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Fátima Sales
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Cássia Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Adinan Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Miguel Stéfano Ave. 3687, São Paulo 04045-972, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil
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