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Motoki N, Mizuki M, Tsukahara T, Miyakawa M, Kubo S, Oda H, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Nomiyama T. Effects of Lactoferrin-Fortified Formula on Acute Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children Aged 12-32 Months: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:233. [PMID: 32509712 PMCID: PMC7249745 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the effects of lactoferrin (LF)-fortified formula on acute gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms in children. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting and subjects: Children aged 12-32 months in Japan. Intervention: Intake of placebo or LF (48 mg/day)-fortified formula for 13 weeks. Primary endpoint: Prevalence of acute gastrointestinal and respiratory symptom. Results: One hundred nine participants were randomized. Eight participants were lost to follow-up, withdrew consent, or were deemed inappropriate for the trial, with 101 participants receiving complete analyses (placebo group, n = 48; LF group, n = 53). Outcomes: The prevalence of acute gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly less in the LF group (22/53 [41.5%]) than in the placebo group (30/48 [62.5%], p = 0.046). The total number of days having acute respiratory symptoms was significantly lower in the LF group (9.0) than in the placebo group (15.0, p = 0.030). Harms: The rate of adverse events was similar between the groups. No adverse drug reactions were found. Conclusions: LF intake decreased the prevalence of acute gastrointestinal symptoms in children aged 12-32 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Motoki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaru Mizuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teruomi Tsukahara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Momoko Miyakawa
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shutaro Kubo
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Miyakawa M, Kubo S, Oda H, Motoki N, Mizuki M, Tsukahara T, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Nomiyama T. Effects of Lactoferrin on Sleep Conditions in Children Aged 12-32 Months: A Preliminary, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:671-677. [PMID: 33061724 PMCID: PMC7532897 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s263106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate preliminarily the effect of lactoferrin (LF)-fortified formula on sleep conditions in children. STUDY DESIGN A preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Healthy children between the ages of 12 and 32 months who attended nursery schools in Japan were divided into two groups and assigned a placebo or LF (48 mg/day)-fortified formula. Children's sleep conditions were investigated before and after the 13-week intervention using the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P). RESULTS Altogether, 109 participants were randomized. Eight participants were eliminated due to lost to follow-up, withdrawal of consent, and ineligibility, with 101 participants (placebo, n = 48; LF, n = 53) included in the full analysis set (FAS) and used for analysis. Wake-up time, bedtime, and nighttime sleep were comparable between the two groups before and after intervention. The change in total JSQ-P T scores tended to improve in the LF group (placebo vs LF: 0.5 ± 6.5 vs -1.9 ± 6.1, p = 0.074), in particular, morning symptoms significantly improved (grumpy in the morning, hard to wake-up, and hard to get out of bed) (placebo vs LF: 0.8 ± 6.2 vs -1.9 ± 6.2, p = 0.028). A better trend was also observed in the LF group regarding restless legs syndrome (RLS)-motor (rubs feet at night and touches feet at night) (placebo vs LF: 2.3 ± 10.7 vs -0.6 ± 13.5, p = 0.083) and insufficient sleep (stays up more than one hour later the day before a holiday and wakes up more than one hour later on a holiday) (placebo vs LF: 0.1 ± 9.8 vs -1.7 ± 8.8, p = 0.095). No adverse drug reactions were found. CONCLUSION LF intake may improve sleep condition, especially morning symptoms in children above one year of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Miyakawa
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shutaro Kubo
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaru Mizuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teruomi Tsukahara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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