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Tsai SH, Wu YC, Palomino DF, Schroeder FC, Pan CL. Peripheral peroxisomal β-oxidation engages neuronal serotonin signaling to drive stress-induced aversive memory in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113996. [PMID: 38520690 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological dysfunction confers negative valence to coincidental sensory cues to induce the formation of aversive associative memory. How peripheral tissue stress engages neuromodulatory mechanisms to form aversive memory is poorly understood. Here, we show that in the nematode C. elegans, mitochondrial disruption induces aversive memory through peroxisomal β-oxidation genes in non-neural tissues, including pmp-4/very-long-chain fatty acid transporter, dhs-28/3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and daf-22/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Upregulation of peroxisomal β-oxidation genes under mitochondrial stress requires the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49. Importantly, the memory-promoting function of peroxisomal β-oxidation is independent of its canonical role in pheromone production. Peripheral signals derived from the peroxisomes target NSM, a critical neuron for memory formation under stress, to upregulate serotonin synthesis and remodel evoked responses to sensory cues. Our genetic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approaches establish peroxisomal lipid signaling as a crucial mechanism that connects peripheral mitochondrial stress to central serotonin neuromodulation in aversive memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Heng Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Center for Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Center for Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Diana Fajardo Palomino
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Pan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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Nyema NT, McKnight AD, Vargas-Elvira AG, Schneps HM, Gold EG, Myers KP, Alhadeff AL. AgRP neuron activity promotes associations between sensory and nutritive signals to guide flavor preference. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.19.558483. [PMID: 37786670 PMCID: PMC10541598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective The learned associations between sensory cues (e.g., taste, smell) and nutritive value (e.g., calories, post-ingestive signaling) of foods powerfully influences our eating behavior [1], but the neural circuits that mediate these associations are not well understood. Here, we examined the role of agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons - neurons which are critical drivers of feeding behavior [2; 3] - in mediating flavor-nutrient learning (FNL). Methods Because mice prefer flavors associated with AgRP neuron activity suppression [4], we examined how optogenetic stimulation of AgRP neurons during intake influences FNL, and used fiber photometry to determine how endogenous AgRP neuron activity tracks associations between flavors and nutrients. Results We unexpectedly found that tonic activity in AgRP neurons during FNL potentiated, rather than prevented, the development of flavor preferences. There were notable sex differences in the mechanisms for this potentiation. Specifically, in male mice, AgRP neuron activity increased flavor consumption during FNL training, thereby strengthening the association between flavors and nutrients. In female mice, AgRP neuron activity enhanced flavor-nutrient preferences independently of consumption during training, suggesting that AgRP neuron activity enhances the reward value of the nutrient-paired flavor. Finally, in vivo neural activity analyses demonstrated that acute AgRP neuron dynamics track the association between flavors and nutrients in both sexes. Conclusions Overall, these data (1) demonstrate that AgRP neuron activity enhances associations between flavors and nutrients in a sex-dependent manner and (2) reveal that AgRP neurons track and update these associations on fast timescales. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the role of AgRP neurons in assimilating sensory and nutritive signals for food reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel T. Nyema
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron D. McKnight
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Heather M. Schneps
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Amber L. Alhadeff
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
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Rhoades JL, Nelson JC, Nwabudike I, Yu SK, McLachlan IG, Madan GK, Abebe E, Powers JR, Colón-Ramos DA, Flavell SW. ASICs Mediate Food Responses in an Enteric Serotonergic Neuron that Controls Foraging Behaviors. Cell 2018; 176:85-97.e14. [PMID: 30580965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Animals must respond to the ingestion of food by generating adaptive behaviors, but the role of gut-brain signaling in behavioral regulation is poorly understood. Here, we identify conserved ion channels in an enteric serotonergic neuron that mediate its responses to food ingestion and decipher how these responses drive changes in foraging behavior. We show that the C. elegans serotonergic neuron NSM acts as an enteric sensory neuron that acutely detects food ingestion. We identify the novel and conserved acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) DEL-7 and DEL-3 as NSM-enriched channels required for feeding-dependent NSM activity, which in turn drives slow locomotion while animals feed. Point mutations that alter the DEL-7 channel change NSM dynamics and associated behavioral dynamics of the organism. This study provides causal links between food ingestion, molecular and physiological properties of an enteric serotonergic neuron, and adaptive feeding behaviors, yielding a new view of how enteric neurons control behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Rhoades
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jessica C Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Ijeoma Nwabudike
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie K Yu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ian G McLachlan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gurrein K Madan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eden Abebe
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua R Powers
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Steven W Flavell
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Delungahawatta T, Amin JY, Stanisz AM, Bienenstock J, Forsythe P, Kunze WA. Antibiotic Driven Changes in Gut Motility Suggest Direct Modulation of Enteric Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:588. [PMID: 29104530 PMCID: PMC5655012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-mediated changes to the intestinal microbiome have largely been assumed to be the basis of antibiotic-induced neurophysiological and behavioral changes. However, relatively little research has addressed whether antibiotics act directly on the host nervous system to produce these changes. We aimed to identify whether acute exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to antibiotics directly modulates neuronally dependent motility reflexes, ex vivo. Motility of colon and jejunum segments in a perfusion organ bath was recorded by video and alterations to neuronally dependent propagating contractile clusters (PCC), measured using spatiotemporal maps of diameter changes. Short latency (<10 min) changes to PCC serve as an index of putative effects on the host nervous system. Bacitracin, penicillin V, and neomycin, all produced dose-dependent alterations to the velocity, frequency, and amplitude of PCC. Most significantly, colonic PCC velocity increased by 53% [probability of superiority (PS) = 87%] with 1.42 mg/ml bacitracin, 19% (PS = 81%) with 0.91 mg/ml neomycin, and 19% (PS = 86%) with 3.88 mg/ml penicillin V. Colonic frequency increased by 16% (PS = 73%) with 1.42 mg/ml bacitracin, 21% (PS = 79%) with 0.91 mg/ml neomycin, and 34% (PS = 85%) at 3.88 mg/ml penicillin V. Conversely, colonic amplitude decreased by 41% (PS = 79%) with 1.42 mg/ml bacitracin, 30% (PS = 80%) with 0.27 mg/ml neomycin and 25% (PS = 79%) at 3.88 mg/ml penicillin V. In the jejunum, antibiotic-specific changes were identified. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that acute exposure of the gastrointestinal lumen to antibiotics modulates neuronal reflexes. Future work should acknowledge the importance of this mechanism in mediating antibiotic-driven changes on gut-brain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini Delungahawatta
- Department of Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Y Amin
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Stanisz
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Diepenbroek C, Quinn D, Stephens R, Zollinger B, Anderson S, Pan A, de Lartigue G. Validation and characterization of a novel method for selective vagal deafferentation of the gut. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G342-G352. [PMID: 28705805 PMCID: PMC5668568 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of tools that selectively target vagal afferent neurons (VAN) innervating the gut. We use saporin (SAP), a potent neurotoxin, conjugated to the gastronintestinal (GI) hormone cholecystokinin (CCK-SAP) injected into the nodose ganglia (NG) of male Wistar rats to specifically ablate GI-VAN. We report that CCK-SAP ablates a subpopulation of VAN in culture. In vivo, CCK-SAP injection into the NG reduces VAN innervating the mucosal and muscular layers of the stomach and small intestine but not the colon, while leaving vagal efferent neurons intact. CCK-SAP abolishes feeding-induced c-Fos in the NTS, as well as satiation by CCK or glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). CCK-SAP in the NG of mice also abolishes CCK-induced satiation. Therefore, we provide multiple lines of evidence that injection of CCK-SAP in NG is a novel selective vagal deafferentation technique of the upper GI tract that works in multiple vertebrate models. This method provides improved tissue specificity and superior separation of afferent and efferent signaling compared with vagotomy, capsaicin, and subdiaphragmatic deafferentation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We develop a new method that allows targeted lesioning of vagal afferent neurons that innervate the upper GI tract while sparing vagal efferent neurons. This reliable approach provides superior tissue specificity and selectivity for vagal afferent over efferent targeting than traditional approaches. It can be used to address questions about the role of gut to brain signaling in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Diepenbroek
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | | | - Ricky Stephens
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Seth Anderson
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Annabelle Pan
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Weltens N, Zhao D, Van Oudenhove L. Where is the comfort in comfort foods? Mechanisms linking fat signaling, reward, and emotion. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:303-15. [PMID: 24548257 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food in general, and fatty foods in particular, have obtained intrinsic reward value throughout evolution. This reward value results from an interaction between exteroceptive signals from different sensory modalities, interoceptive hunger/satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain, as well as ongoing affective and cognitive processes. Further evidence linking food to emotions stems from folk psychology ('comfort foods') and epidemiological studies demonstrating high comorbidity rates between disorders of food intake, including obesity, and mood disorders such as depression. PURPOSE This review paper aims to give an overview of current knowledge on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the link between (fatty) foods, their reward value, and emotional responses to (anticipation of) their intake in humans. Firstly, the influence of exteroceptive sensory signals, including visual, olfactory ('anticipatory food reward'), and gustatory ('consummatory food reward'), on the encoding of reward value in the (ventral) striatum and of subjective pleasantness in the cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex will be discussed. Differences in these pathways and mechanisms between lean and obese subjects will be highlighted. Secondly, recent studies elucidating the mechanisms of purely interoceptive fatty acid-induced signaling from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain, including the role of gut peptides, will be presented. These studies have demonstrated that such subliminal interoceptive stimuli may impact on hedonic circuits in the brain, and thereby influence the subjective and neural responses to negative emotion induction. This suggests that the effect of foods on mood may even occur independently from their exteroceptive sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weltens
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Welch MG, Anwar M, Chang CY, Gross KJ, Ruggiero DA, Gershon MD, Gershon MD. Combined administration of secretin and oxytocin inhibits chronic colitis and associated activation of forebrain neurons. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:654-e202. [PMID: 20210978 PMCID: PMC3068601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown; however, the disorder is aggravated by psychological stress and is itself psychologically stressful. Chronic intestinal inflammation, moreover, has been reported to activate forebrain neurons. We tested the hypotheses that the chronically inflamed bowel signals to the brain through the vagi and that administration of a combination of secretin (S) and oxytocin (OT) inhibits this signaling. METHODS Three daily enemas containing 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), which were given to rats produced chronic colitis and ongoing activation of Fos in brain neurons. KEY RESULTS Fos was induced in neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, basolateral amygdala, central amygdala, and piriform cortex. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy failed to inhibit this activation of Fos, suggesting that colitis activates forebrain neurons independently of the vagi. When administered intravenously, but not when given intracerebroventricularly, in doses that were individually ineffective, combined S/OT prevented colitis-associated activation of central neurons. Strikingly, S/OT decreased inflammatory infiltrates into the colon and colonic expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These observations suggest that chronic colonic inflammation is ameliorated by the systemic administration of S/OT, which probably explains the parallel ability of systemic S/OT to inhibit the colitis-associated activation of forebrain neurons. It is possible that S and OT, which are endogenous to the colon, might normally combine to restrict the severity of colonic inflammatory responses and that advantage might be taken of this system to develop novel means of treating inflammation-associated intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha G. Welch
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia Univ. College of P & S, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 40, NY, NY, 10032,Dept. of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia U. College of P & S, 630 West 168th Street, NY, NY, 10032
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia Univ. College of P & S, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 40, NY, NY, 10032
| | - Christine Y. Chang
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia Univ. College of P & S, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 40, NY, NY, 10032,Dept. of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia U. College of P & S, 630 West 168th Street, NY, NY, 10032
| | - Kara J. Gross
- Dept. of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia U. College of P & S, 630 West 168th Street, NY, NY, 10032
| | - David A. Ruggiero
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia Univ. College of P & S, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 40, NY, NY, 10032,Dept. of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia U. College of P & S, 630 West 168th Street, NY, NY, 10032
| | - Michael D. Gershon
- Dept. of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia U. College of P & S, 630 West 168th Street, NY, NY, 10032
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