1
|
Cai X, Tacke F, Guillot A, Liu H. Cholangiokines: undervalued modulators in the hepatic microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192840. [PMID: 37261338 PMCID: PMC10229055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary epithelial cells, also known as cholangiocytes, line the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, forming a barrier between intra- and extra-ductal environments. Cholangiocytes are mostly known to modulate bile composition and transportation. In hepatobiliary diseases, bile duct injury leads to drastic alterations in cholangiocyte phenotypes and their release of soluble mediators, which can vary depending on the original insult and cellular states (quiescence, senescence, or proliferation). The cholangiocyte-secreted cytokines (also termed cholangiokines) drive ductular cell proliferation, portal inflammation and fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Hence, despite the previous consensus that cholangiocytes are bystanders in liver diseases, their diverse secretome plays critical roles in modulating the intrahepatic microenvironment. This review summarizes recent insights into the cholangiokines under both physiological and pathological conditions, especially as they occur during liver injury-regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis and malignant transformation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Izquierdo AG, Carreira MC, Rodriguez-Carnero G, Perez-Lois R, Seoane LM, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. Gender Dimorphism in Hepatic Carcinogenesis-Related Gene Expression Associated with Obesity as a Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315002. [PMID: 36499327 PMCID: PMC9739425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show clear evidence of sexual dimorphism, with a significantly higher incidence in males. Among the determining factors that could explain this sex-based difference, the specific distribution of fat by sex has been suggested as a primary candidate, since obesity is a relevant risk factor. In this context, obesity, considered a low-grade chronic inflammatory pathology and responsible for the promotion of liver disease, could lead to sexual dimorphism in the expression profile of genes related to tumor development. When we compared the expression levels of genes associated with the early stages of carcinogenesis in the liver between male and female diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats, we observed that the expression pattern was similar in obese male and female animals. Interestingly, the SURVIVIN/BIRC5 oncogene showed a higher expression in male DIO rats than in female DIO and lean rats. This trend related to sexual dimorphism was observed in leukocytes from patients with obesity, although the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study evidenced a similar pattern in the expression of most carcinogenesis-related genes in the liver, except SUVIVIN/BIRC5, which could be a predictive biomarker of liver carcinogenesis predisposition in male patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Izquierdo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos C. Carreira
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Lois
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luisa M. Seoane
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B. Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-981-955-710
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi J, Won SB, Kwon YH. Maternal Consumption of a Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein Isolate Diet Accelerates Chemically Induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Male Rat Offspring. Nutrients 2020; 12:E571. [PMID: 32098370 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that maternal nutrition determines the offspring's susceptibility to chronic diseases including cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of maternal diets differing in protein source on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in adult rat offspring. Dams were fed a casein (CAS) diet or a low-isoflavone soy protein isolate (SPI) diet for two weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned to and fed a chow diet throughout the study. From four weeks of age, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were induced by intraperitoneal injection of DEN once a week for 14 weeks. The SPI/DEN group exhibited higher mortality rate, tumor multiplicity, and HCC incidence compared with the CAS/DEN group. Accordingly, altered cholesterol metabolism and increases in liver damage and angiogenesis were observed in the SPI/DEN group. The SPI/DEN group had a significant induction of the nuclear factor-κB-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway, as measured by increased phosphorylation of IκB kinase β, which may lead to the survival of precancerous hepatocytes. In conclusion, maternal consumption of a low-isoflavone soy protein isolate diet accelerated chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male rat offspring in the present study, suggesting that maternal dietary protein source may be involved in DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in adult offspring.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sayed-Ahmed MM, Aleisa AM, Al-Rejaie SS, Al-Yahya AA, Al-Shabanah OA, Hafez MM, Nagi MN. Thymoquinone attenuates diethylnitrosamine induction of hepatic carcinogenesis through antioxidant signaling. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 3:254-61. [PMID: 20972371 PMCID: PMC2952085 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.4.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for about 80–90% of all liver cancer and is the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. Although there are many strategies for the treatment of liver cancer, chemoprevention seems to be the best strategy for lowering the incidence of this disease. Therefore, this study has been initiated to investigate whether thymoquinone (TQ), Nigella sativa derived-compound with strong antioxidant properties, supplementation could prevent initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis-induced by diethylnitrosamine (DENA), a potent initiator and hepatocarcinogen, in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Rats of Group 1 received a single intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of normal saline. Animals in Group 2 were given TQ (4 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Rats of Group 3 were injected with a single dose of DENA (200 mg/kg, I.P.). Animals in Group 4 were received TQ and DENA. DENA significantly increased alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity in liver tissues. Moreover, DENA decreased gene expression of GSHPx, GST and CAT and caused severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue. Interestingly, TQ supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by DENA to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that: (1) decreased mRNA expression of GSHPx, CAT and GST during DENA-induced initiation of hepatic carcinogenesis, (2) TQ supplementation prevents the development of DENA-induced initiation of liver cancer by decreasing oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz M Aleisa
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Yahya
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Al-Shabanah
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud N Nagi
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hagiwara A, Doi Y, Imai N, Suguro M, Kawabe M, Furukawa F, Tamano S, Nagano K, Fukushima S. Promotion of liver and kidney carcinogenesis by ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) in male Wistar rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:189-95. [PMID: 26538808 DOI: 10.1293/tox.jtp-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting effects of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) were investigated in a 2-stage carcinogenesis bioassay with regard to hepatic and renal carcinogenesis in rats. Male 6-week-old Wistar rats were given drinking water containing N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamine (EHEN), as an initiator, at a dose of 500 ppm for 2 weeks. Starting one week thereafter, the animals were administered ETBE at dose levels of 0 (control), 100, 300, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg/day by gavage for 19 weeks from week 4 to 22. Necropsy of all rats was performed at week 23, and livers and kidneys were examined histopathologically. Incidences of hepatocellular adenomas, and those of combined hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were significantly elevated in rats given 1,000 mg/kg/day ETBE, but not 100‒500 mg/kg/day ETBE, and there was a significant increase in the average numbers of lesions. No significant differences in incidences and average numbers of renal tubule neoplasms were found in rats administered 100‒1,000 mg/kg/day ETBE. However, the average numbers of atypical tubule hyperplasias, considered to be preneoplastic lesions, were significantly increased in rats given ETBE at 1,000 mg/kg/day, but not in rats given 500 mg/kg/day or lower doses. Thus, these results imply that ETBE has hepatic and renal tumor-promoting activities that affect EHEN-induced carcinogenesis in male rats, and the no-observed-effect level is 500 mg/kg/day under the present experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hagiwara
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Yuko Doi
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Norio Imai
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Mayuko Suguro
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kawabe
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Fumio Furukawa
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Seiko Tamano
- DIMS Institute of Medical Science, Inc., 64 Goura, Nishiazai, Azai-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0113, Japan
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Nagano Toxicologic-Pathology Consulting, 467-7 Ojiri, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-0011, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-0015, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Acharyya N, Chattopadhyay S, Maiti S. Chemoprevention against arsenic-induced mutagenic DNA breakage and apoptotic liver damage in rat via antioxidant and SOD1 upregulation by green tea (Camellia sinensis) which recovers broken DNA resulted from arsenic-H2O2 related in vitro oxidant stress. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2014; 32:338-361. [PMID: 25436473 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2014.967061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinensis; CS) strongly reverses/prevents arsenic-induced apoptotic hepatic degeneration/micronecrosis and mutagenic DNA damage in in vitro oxidant stress model and in rat as shown by comet assay and histoarchitecture (HE and PAS staining) results. Earlier, we demonstrated a link between carcinogenesis and impaired antioxidant system-associated mutagenic DNA damage in arsenic-exposed human. In this study, arsenic-induced (0.6 ppm/100 g body weight/day for 28 days) impairment of cytosolic superoxide-dismutase (SOD1), catalase, xanthine-oxidase, thiol, and urate activities/levels led to increase in tissue levels of damaging malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, serum necrotic-marker lactate-dehydrogenase, and metabolic inflammatory-marker c-reactive protein suggesting dysregulation at the transcriptional/signal-transduction level. These are decisively restrained by CS-extract (≥10 mg/ml aqueous) with a restoration of DNA/tissue structure. The structural/functional impairment of dialyzed and centrifugally concentrated (6-8 kd cutoff) hepatic SOD1 via its important Cys modifications by H2O2/arsenite redox-stress and that protection by CS/2-mercaptoethanol are shown in in vitro/in situ studies paralleling the present Swiss-Model-generated rSOD1 structural data. Here, arsenite(3+) incubation (≥10(-8) μM + 10 mM H2O2, 2 hr) is shown for the first time with this low-concentration to initiate breakage in rat hepatic-DNA in vitro whereas, arsenite/H2O2/UV-radiation does not affect DNA separately. Arsenic initiates Fe and Cu ion-associated free-radical reaction cascade in vivo. Here, 10 μM of Cu(2+)/Fe(3+)/As(3+) +H2O2-induced in vitro DNA fragmentation is prevented by CS (≥1 mg/ml), greater than the prevention of ascorbate or tocopherol or DMSO or their combination. Moreover, CS incubation for various time with differentially and already degraded DNA resulted from pre-incubation in 10 μM As(3+)-H2O2 system markedly recovers broken DNA. Present results decisively suggest for the first time that CS and its mixed polyphenols have potent SOD1 protecting, diverse radical-scavenging and antimutagenic activities furthering to DNA protection/therapy in arsenic-induced tissue necrosis/apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmallya Acharyya
- a Post Graduate Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory , Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University , Midnapore , West Bengal , India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Q, Lian F, Chavez PRG, Chung J, Ling W, Qin H, Seitz HK, Wang XD. Cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibition prevents hepatic carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in alcohol-fed rats. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2012; 1:5-18. [PMID: 23543859 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2012.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol ingestion increases hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. We investigated whether treatment with chlormethiazole (CMZ), a CYP2E1 inhibitor, protects against alcohol-associated hepatic carcinogenesis in rats. Rats were fed either an ethanol liquid diet or a non-ethanol liquid diet, with or without CMZ for one and ten months. A single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 20 mg/kg) was given to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. CYP2E1 expression, inflammatory proteins, cell proliferation, protein-bound 4-HNE, etheno-DNA adducts, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), retinoid concentrations, and hepatic carcinogenesis were examined. Ethanol feeding for 1 month with DEN resulted in significantly increased hepatic CYP2E1 levels and increased nuclear accumulation of NF-κB protein and TNF-α expression, which were associated with increased cyclin D1 expression and p-GST positive altered hepatic foci. All of these changes induced by ethanol feeding were significantly inhibited by the one month CMZ treatment. At 10-months of treatment, hepatocellular adenomas were detected in ethanol-fed rats only, but neither in control rats nor in animals receiving ethanol and CMZ. The 8-OHdG formation was found to be significantly increased in ethanol fed animals and normalized with CMZ treatment. In addition, alcohol-reduced hepatic retinol and retinoic acid concentrations were restored by CMZ treatment to normal levels in the rats at 10 months of treatment. These data demonstrate that the inhibition of ethanol-induced CYP2E1 as a key pathogenic factor can counteract the tumor-promoting action of ethanol by decreasing TNF-α expression, NF-κB activation, and oxidative DNA damage as well as restoring normal hepatic levels of retinoic acid in DEN-treated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Ye
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA ; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tarocchi M, Hannivoort R, Hoshida Y, Lee UE, Vetter D, Narla G, Villanueva A, Oren M, Llovet JM, Friedman SL. Carcinogen-induced hepatic tumors in KLF6+/- mice recapitulate aggressive human hepatocellular carcinoma associated with p53 pathway deregulation. Hepatology 2011; 54:522-31. [PMID: 21563203 PMCID: PMC3144998 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Inactivation of KLF6 is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, thereby abrogating its normal antiproliferative activity in liver cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of KLF6 depletion on human HCC and experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. In patients with surgically resected HCC, reduced tumor expression of KLF6 was associated with decreased survival. Consistent with its role as a tumor suppressor, KLF6+/- mice developed significantly more tumors in response to the chemical carcinogen diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) than wild-type animals. Gene expression signatures in both surrounding tissue and tumors of KLF6+/- mice closely recapitulated those associated with aggressive human HCCs. Expression microarray profiling also revealed an increase in Mdm2 mRNA in tumors from KLF6+/- compared with KLF6+/+ mice, which was validated by way of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in both human HCC and DEN-induced murine tumors. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation and cotransfection assays established the P2 intronic promoter of Mdm2 as a bona fide transcriptional target repressed by KLF6. Whereas KLF6 overexpression in HCC cell lines and primary hepatocytes led to reduced MDM2 levels and increased p53 protein and transcriptional activity, reduction in KLF6 by small interfering RNA led to increased MDM2 and reduced p53. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that KLF6 deficiency contributes significantly to the carcinogenic milieu in human and murine HCC and uncover a novel tumor suppressor activity of KLF6 in HCC by linking its transcriptional repression of Mdm2 to stabilizing p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Tarocchi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Clinical Pathophysiology/Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rebekka Hannivoort
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge MA
| | - Ursula E. Lee
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Diana Vetter
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit. Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Josep M. Llovet
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit. Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|