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Pimenta R, Mioshi CM, Gonçalves GL, Candido P, Camargo JA, Guimarães VR, Chiovatto C, Ghazarian V, Romão P, da Silva KS, Dos Santos GA, Silva IA, Srougi M, Nahas WC, Leite KR, Viana NI, Reis ST. Intratumoral Restoration of miR-137 Plus Cholesterol Favors Homeostasis of the miR-137/Coactivator p160/AR Axis and Negatively Modulates Tumor Progression in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119633. [PMID: 37298588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gained a prominent role as biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa). Our study aimed to evaluate the potential suppressive effect of miR-137 in a model of advanced PCa with and without diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. In vitro, PC-3 cells were treated with 50 pmol of mimic miR-137 for 24 h, and gene and protein expression levels of SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, and AR were evaluated by qPCR and immunofluorescence. We also assessed migration rate, invasion, colony-forming ability, and flow cytometry assays (apoptosis and cell cycle) after 24 h of miRNA treatment. For in vivo experiments, 16 male NOD/SCID mice were used to evaluate the effect of restoring miR-137 expression together with cholesterol. The animals were fed a standard (SD) or hypercholesterolemic (HCOL) diet for 21 days. After this, we xenografted PC-3 LUC-MC6 cells into their subcutaneous tissue. Tumor volume and bioluminescence intensity were measured weekly. After the tumors reached 50 mm3, we started intratumor treatments with a miR-137 mimic, at a dose of 6 μg weekly for four weeks. Ultimately, the animals were killed, and the xenografts were resected and analyzed for gene and protein expression. The animals' serum was collected to evaluate the lipid profile. The in vitro results showed that miR-137 could inhibit the transcription and translation of the p160 family, SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3, and indirectly reduce the expression of AR. After these analyses, it was determined that increased miR-137 inhibits cell migration and invasion and impacts reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis rates. The in vivo results demonstrated that tumor growth was arrested after the intratumoral restoration of miR-137, and proliferation levels were reduced in the SD and HCOL groups. Interestingly, the tumor growth retention response was more significant in the HCOL group. We conclude that miR-137 is a potential therapeutic miRNA that, in association with androgen precursors, can restore and reinstate the AR-mediated axis of transcription and transactivation of androgenic pathway homeostasis. Further studies involving the miR-137/coregulator/AR/cholesterol axis should be conducted to evaluate this miR in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (ID'Or), São Paulo 04501000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Mie Mioshi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
- Campus Santo André, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210580, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Candido
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Camargo
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Chiovatto
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
- Campus Ipiranga, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo 04263200, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitória Ghazarian
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Serafim da Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
- Campus Ipiranga, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo 04263200, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Iran A Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (ID'Or), São Paulo 04501000, SP, Brazil
| | - William C Nahas
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, Institute of Cancer Estate of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo 01246000, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia R Leite
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Viana
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
- Campus Passos, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais-UEMG, Passos 37900106, MG, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Reis
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, SP, Brazil
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