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Jiang RZ, Ma Q, Gu Z, Liang JC, Xiao Q, Cheng Q, Cui TJ. Simultaneously Intelligent Sensing and Beamforming Based on an Adaptive Information Metasurface. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306181. [PMID: 38064159 PMCID: PMC10870054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to its ability to adapt to a variety of electromagnetic (EM) environments, the sensing-enabled metasurface has garnered significant attention. However, large-scale EM-field sensing to obtain more information is still very challenging. Here, an adaptive information metasurface is proposed to enable intelligent sensing and wave manipulating simultaneously or more specifically, to realize intelligent target localization and beam tracking adaptively. The metasurface is composed of an array of meta-atoms, and each is loaded with two PIN diodes and a sensing-channel structure, for polarization-insensitive and programmable beamforming and sensing. By controlling the state of the PIN diode, the proposed meta-atom has 1-bit phase response in the designed frequency band, while the sensing loss keeps higher than -10 dB for both "ON" and "OFF" states. Hence there is nearly no interaction between the beamforming and sensing modes. Experiments are conducted to show multiple functions of the metasurface, including intelligent target sensing and self-adaptive beamforming, and the measured results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory100 Haike Road, PudongShanghai201210China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Ze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jing Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesInstitute of Electromagnetic SpaceSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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Wang HL, Zhang YK, Zhang TY, Ma HF, Cui TJ. Broadband and Programmable Amplitude-Phase-Joint-Coding Information Metasurface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:29431-29440. [PMID: 35709434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Information metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years due to the capability to link the physical world and information science. However, most of the current information metasurfaces are either phase-only coding or amplitude-only coding, limiting their functions and applications. Here, a broadband and programmable amplitude-phase-joint-coding (APJC) information metasurface is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, from which the phase and amplitude of reflected electromagnetic waves can be independently controlled by adjusting the bias voltage of PIN diode integrated in the meta-atom. In particular, the reflection amplitude can be continuously controlled from 0.1 to 0.9, and the reflection phase can be switched between two states with about 180° phase difference. Thus, the proposed metasurface is capable of realizing independent 1-bit or multibit amplitude coding and 1-bit phase coding, and both of them can be reprogrammed in real time in broad band from 8 to 13 GHz. The abilities of the programmable APJC information metasurface in manipulating the electromagnetic waves are demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experiments, including to suppress the sidelobes of scattering beam, generate the diffractive waves with arbitrary magnitudes, and so on. These results show unique advantages of APJC information metasurface in real-time independent controls of energy allocation and wavefront tailoring of the electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tai Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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