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Ammar H, Said MA, Beltaifa M, Azri M, Zgaya R, Majdoub W, Belkacem O, Gupta R, Ben Hamada H, Ben Ali A. Recurrent Life-Threatening Gastro intestinal Bleeding From Primary Intestinal Choriocarcinoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e41823. [PMID: 37575827 PMCID: PMC10423014 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma is a highly aggressive, malignant tumor that arises from trophoblastic cells. Although choriocarcinomas usually arise in the genital organs, they can also originate in extragenital organs, but gastrointestinal tract lesions are rare. Gastrointestinal choriocarcinoma can be primary or metastatic. Most primary gastrointestinal choriocarcinomas are associated with adenocarcinomas. We report a case of jejunal choriocarcinoma presenting with acute abdominal pain and intestinal bleeding. The patient had a very high serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) level with an isolated jejunal lesion on contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. The patient underwent emergency surgical resection of the jejunal lesion with good recovery. The histopathological analysis of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. However, the patient suffered from life-threatening rebleeding one month after surgery and succumbed to her illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Ammar
- General Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
| | | | - Mahdi Beltaifa
- General Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
| | - Marwa Azri
- General Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
| | - Rym Zgaya
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Farhat Hached Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
| | - Wiem Majdoub
- Pathology, Sahloul Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
| | | | - Rahul Gupta
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, IND
| | - Habiba Ben Hamada
- Anaesthesiology, Sahloul Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
| | - Ali Ben Ali
- General Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, TUN
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Ikushima H, Asaga R, Sakatani T, Masuda Y, Morikawa T, Usui K. Successful control of intestinal bleeding from metastasis of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with pembrolizumab: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31220. [PMID: 36281091 PMCID: PMC9592428 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis and has no standard chemotherapy. We herein report a case of small intestinal metastasis of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma that resulted in intestinal bleeding and was successfully treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy. PATIENT CONCERNS A 54-year-old man with a history of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma resection was referred to our hospital due to a 1-month history of a fever and general fatigue. DIAGNOSIS Laboratory investigation revealed microcytic anemia. Hematochezia was also noted after admission. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT at the time of this admission revealed intraperitoneal masses alongside the small intestine with no significant ascites. INTERVENTIONS Pembrolizumab (400 mg/body) was introduced as the first-line chemotherapy. OUTCOMES By the 15th day after the initial pembrolizumab administration, the fever had disappeared, and the intraperitoneal masses were markedly reduced. Hematochezia had also disappeared, and he no longer needed to receive blood transfusions. LESSONS To our knowledge, this is the first report in which small intestinal metastasis of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma was successfully controlled by pembrolizumab monotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may be promising therapeutic agents against pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikushima
- Division of Respirology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroaki Ikushima, Division of Respirology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Reina Asaga
- Division of Respirology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Sakatani
- Division of Respirology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Masuda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Usui
- Division of Respirology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Takeyama J. Meckel's Diverticulum with Dieulafoy's Lesion: A Cause of Severe Hematochezia. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:865-870. [PMID: 34652969 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.1989529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. Although the majority of MD are asymptomatic, it can present with severe hematochezia. Hematochezia is generally considered to result from a peptic ulcer caused by ectopic gastric mucosa in MD. However, this hypothesis has not been proved. METHODS 10 cases of surgically resected MD initially presenting with severe hematochezia were histologically examined. RESULTS Ectopic gastric mucosa was present in 9 cases, two of which also contained ectopic pancreas. No ectopic tissue was found in one case, which shows that bleeding can occur in MD without ectopic gastric mucosa. In addition, a rupture of aberrant submucosal arterioles through the overlying mucosa, a vascular abnormality called Dieulafoy's lesion, was detected in all the 10 cases. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the actual cause of massive bleeding in MD is not a peptic ulcer, but Dieulafoy's lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Takeyama
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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4
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Orlov BB, Piskun AV, Kolcheva MA, Konfetova ND. [Treatment of colorectal cancer complicated by intestinal bleeding in a patient with multivessel coronary artery disease and degenerative aortic valve disease]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2022:98-100. [PMID: 35775851 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202207198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the presented clinical observation is to demonstrate a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of a comorbid patient with complicated colorectal cancer, multivessel coronary artery disease, degenerative aortic valve disease and chronic heart failure. The authors presented a clinical case of treatment of a patient with ischemic heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis (acute myocardial infarction from 1990), hemodynamically significant intestinal bleeding, the source of which was cancer of the descending colon. Comprehensive examination revealed moderately differentiated (G2) adenocarcinoma of the descending colon cT3N1M0, stage IIIB, in combination with multivessel coronary artery disease and degenerative aortic heart disease with a predominance of stenosis (pressure gradient: Pg max - 94 mm Hg, Pg mean - 68 mm Hg) and the development of aortic valve insufficiency. Taking into account the results of the examinations, the patient is indicated for myocardial revascularization and aortic valve replacement, which implied the subsequent long-term use of anticoagulants, but this increased the risk of recurrence of fatal colonic bleeding. At the same time, performing the operation to remove the source of recurrent bleeding according to all oncological principles had high risks of cardiovascular complications intraoperatively and in the immediate postoperative period. In this regard, after an objective assessment of all perioperative risks, it was decided to simultaneously perform direct myocardial revascularization, aortic valve replacement and extended left-sided hemicolectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. The patient is monitored at the Moscow State Clinical Hospital named after S.S. Yudin after the operation for 2 years, there is no data for the progression of the oncological process. Thus, a favorable outcome in this patient was determined by a multidisciplinary approach - performing a simultaneous operation on a comorbid patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Orlov
- S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Piskun
- S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Kolcheva
- S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - N D Konfetova
- S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia
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Kovalenko ZA. [Pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma complicated by intestinal bleeding]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021:93-95. [PMID: 34786922 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202111193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucinous cystadenoma is a cystic tumor of the pancreas absolutely requiring surgical intervention. The authors report successful surgical treatment of a patient with mucinous pancreatic cystadenoma complicated by severe intestinal bleeding.
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Shulutko AM, Agadzhanov VG, Moiseev AY, Mishchenko NP. [Metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma into small bowel in 5 years after nephrectomy]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020:118-120. [PMID: 32573543 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2020061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small bowel tumor causes gastrointestinal bleeding in 1-4% of cases. Gastrointestinal bleeding from metastases of renal cell carcinoma is a rare and little-known manifestation of this disease. We report a rare clinical case of a solitary metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma into small bowel in 5 years after nephrectomy. The first symptom was intestinal bleeding. This example emphasizes the need for more thorough examination of patients with symptoms of latent and anamnestic blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Shulutko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Agadzhanov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Moiseev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N P Mishchenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Takahashi K, Sakurai K, Takefuta K, Nakayashiro M. Oral kyuki-kyogai-to (KKT) for intestinal bleeding in Fontan-associated protein-losing enteropathy. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:935-937. [PMID: 31569288 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okinawa Nanbu and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sakurai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okinawa Nanbu and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Takefuta
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okinawa Nanbu and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mami Nakayashiro
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Okinawa Nanbu and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshioka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naohiko Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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9
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Kawashima K, Fujiwara T, Katakura K, Gunji N, Yokokawa A, Sakamoto A, Hikichi T, Kono K, Ohira H. Anisakiasis in the Small Intestine with Excessive Bleeding That Was Difficult to Diagnose Endoscopically. Intern Med 2019; 58:63-66. [PMID: 30146603 PMCID: PMC6367072 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1482-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisakiasis involves the stomach in most cases and occurs rarely in the small intestine. Anisakiasis in the small intestine is associated with abdominal pain and obstruction and is rarely associated with intestinal bleeding. Unlike in the stomach, anisakiasis in the small intestine is difficult to diagnose anatomically. The patient in this case study developed hypovolemic shock due to excessive bleeding and underwent emergency surgery. With the recent increase in the consumption of raw fish around the world, this report provides an important finding of bleeding in the small intestine due to an unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyoko Katakura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Naohiko Gunji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Aki Yokokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Ayumu Sakamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuto Hikichi
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School Medicine, Japan
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10
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Colucci R, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Tirotta E, Antonioli L, Renzulli C, Ghelardi E, Piccoli E, Gentile D, Benvenuti L, Natale G, Fulceri F, Palazón-Riquelme P, López-Castejón G, Blandizzi C, Scarpignato C. Pathophysiology of NSAID-Associated Intestinal Lesions in the Rat: Luminal Bacteria and Mucosal Inflammation as Targets for Prevention. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1340. [PMID: 30555323 PMCID: PMC6281992 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can damage the small intestine, mainly through an involvement of enteric bacteria. This study examined the pathophysiology of NSAID-associated intestinal lesions in a rat model of diclofenac-enteropathy and evaluated the effect of rifaximin on small bowel damage. Enteropathy was induced in 40-week old male rats by intragastric diclofenac (4 mg/kg BID, 14 days). Rifaximin (delayed release formulation) was administered (50 mg/kg BID) 1 h before the NSAID. At the end of treatments, parameters dealing with ileal damage, inflammation, barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and TLR-NF-κB-inflammasome pathway were evaluated. In addition, the modulating effect of rifaximin on NLRP3 inflammasome was tested in an in vitro cell system. Diclofenac induced intestinal damage and inflammation, triggering an increase in tissue concentrations of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1β, higher expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4, MyD88, NF-κB and activation of caspase-1. In addition, the NSAID decreased ileal occludin expression and provoked a shift of bacterial phyla toward an increase in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes abundance. All these changes were counterbalanced by rifaximin co-administration. This drug was also capable of increasing the proportion of Lactobacilli, a genus depleted by the NSAID. In LPS-primed THP-1 cells stimulated by nigericin (a model to study the NLRP3 inflammasome), rifaximin reduced IL-1β production in a concentration-dependent fashion, this effect being associated with inhibition of the up-stream caspase-1 activation. In conclusion, diclofenac induced ileal mucosal lesions, driving inflammatory pathways and microbiota changes. In conclusion, rifaximin prevents diclofenac-induced enteropathy through both anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Tirotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Renzulli
- Reasearch & Development Department, Alfasigma SpA, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Piccoli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Fulceri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pablo Palazón-Riquelme
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria López-Castejón
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo Scarpignato
- Clinical Pharmacology & Digestive Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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11
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Struyve M, Robaeys G. Ectopic variceal bleeding due to portosystemic shunt via dilated mesenteric veins and a varicous left ovarian vein : case report and literature review of ectopic varices. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2017; 80:388-395. [PMID: 29560669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic varices are dilated portosystemic venous collaterals located outside of the gastro-esophageal region. Whereas they are common endoscopic findings in patients with portal hypertension, ectopic variceal bleeding is rather rare and accounts for only 1 to 5 % of all variceal bleedings. The rectum and the duodenum are the most common sites for ectopic varices, but they can be present along the whole intestinal tract and neighborhood. At present, there is no consensus well established on diagnostic workup for ectopic variceal bleeding and their therapeutic strategies. Further investigation of large series or randomized-controlled trials is needed because nowadays most of the data available are based on case reports. We report here an unusual case of an ectopic variceal bleeding, presented as an acute small intestine bleeding, due to a portosystemic shunt via dilated mesenteric veins and a varicous left ovarian vein in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. The involvement of an ovarian vein in ectopic variceal bleeding is rarely described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Struyve
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (ZOL), Genk, Belgium
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (ZOL), Genk, Belgium
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12
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Berardi A, Spaggiari E, Cattelani C, Roversi MF, Pecorari M, Lazzarotto T, Ferrari F. Persistent intestinal bleeding due to severe CMV-related thrombocytopenia in a preterm newborn. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:1246-1249. [PMID: 28395563 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1312331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The optimal threshold for neonatal platelet transfusions in sick newborns is still uncertain. We report a congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a premature neonate with severe thrombocytopenia who subsequently presented with necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal bleeding. The baby recovered after platelet transfusions were discontinued and the therapy was switched from intravenous ganciclovir to oral valganciclovir. We discuss both measures, speculating on the key role of platelet transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- a Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile , Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy
| | - Eugenio Spaggiari
- a Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile , Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy
| | - Chiara Cattelani
- a Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile , Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy
| | - Maria Federica Roversi
- a Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile , Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy
| | - Monica Pecorari
- b Struttura Complessa di Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- c Unità Operativa di Microbiologia , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi , Bologna , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ferrari
- a Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile , Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico , Modena , Italy
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13
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Jerebtsova M, Das JR, Tang P, Wong E, Ray PE. Angiopoietin-1 prevents severe bleeding complications induced by heparin-like drugs and fibroblast growth factor-2 in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1314-25. [PMID: 26276817 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00373.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill children can develop bleeding complications when treated with heparin-like drugs. These events are usually attributed to the anticoagulant activity of these drugs. However, previous studies showed that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a heparin-binding growth factor released in the circulation of these patients, could precipitate intestinal hemorrhages in mice treated with the heparin-like drug pentosan polysulfate (PPS). Yet very little is known about how FGF-2 induces bleeding complications in combination with heparin-like drugs. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which circulating FGF-2 induces intestinal hemorrhages in mice treated with PPS. We used a well-characterized mouse model of intestinal hemorrhages induced by FGF-2 plus PPS. Adult FVB/N mice were infected with adenovirus carrying Lac-Z or a secreted form of recombinant human FGF-2, and injected with PPS, at doses that do not induce bleeding complications per se. Mice treated with FGF-2 in combination with PPS developed an intestinal inflammatory reaction that increased the permeability and disrupted the integrity of submucosal intestinal vessels. These changes, together with the anticoagulant activity of PPS, induced lethal hemorrhages. Moreover, a genetically modified form of the endothelial ligand angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1*), which has powerful antipermeability and anti-inflammatory activity, prevented the lethal bleeding complications without correcting the anticoagulant status of these mice. These findings define new mechanisms through which FGF-2 and Ang-1* modulate the outcome of intestinal bleeding complications induced by PPS in mice and may have wider clinical implications for critically ill children treated with heparin-like drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Jerebtsova
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jharna R Das
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pingtao Tang
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Edward Wong
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Patricio E Ray
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; Division of Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia; and Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
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14
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Tal AO, Filmann N, Makhlin K, Hausmann J, Friedrich-Rust M, Herrmann E, Zeuzem S, Albert JG. The capsule endoscopy "suspected blood indicator" (SBI) for detection of active small bowel bleeding: no active bleeding in case of negative SBI. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1131-5. [PMID: 24884306 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.923503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the gold standard to diagnose small bowel bleeding. The "suspected blood indicator" (SBI) offers an automated detection of active small bowel bleeding but validity of this technique is unknown. The objective was to analyze specificity and sensitivity of the SBI using the second small bowel capsule generation for the detection of active bleeding. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of all patients (199) who attended our clinic for CE from June 2008 through March 2013. The second-generation PillCam SB 2 capsule was used for detection of (1) luminal blood content and (2) potentially responsible small bowel lesions. The findings of an independent investigator were correlated to SBI findings and a number of SBI markings were analyzed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC). RESULTS In 157/199 cases, no sign of active bleeding or altered blood was detected. One hundred and thirty-seven of these 157 cases provided at least one SBI marking and a mean of 18.4 positive SBI markings per record were found. In 20 cases, neither SBI nor the human investigator detected abnormalities. Thirteen patients showed investigator-detected minor bleeding with mean SBI findings of 36 positive screenshots per record. When major bleeding was diagnosed by the investigator (n = 29), SBI detected a mean of 46.6 SBI-positive markings. SBI turned positive in 179 patients, whereas the investigator detected active bleeding in 42 cases. All patients with active bleeding were detected by SBI (sensitivity 100%, specificity 13%). ROC analysis revealed 51.0 SBI markings being the optimal cutoff for active versus no bleeding (sensitivity 79.1%, specificity 90.4%, misclassification of 15.3%). CONCLUSION The new SBI software is a reliable tool to exclude active bleeding and/or major lesions but analysis of the CE video by a trained investigator is still important for the detection of lesions responsible for past bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Oliver Tal
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University , Frankfurt , Germany
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15
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Abstract
Apart from its anti-inflammatory activity, which has been used for the treatment of active Crohn's disease, thalidomide is also a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We therefore studied the effect of thalidomide in six patients with severe recurrent intestinal bleeding refractory to standard treatment (three patients with Crohn's disease (CD), three patients with obscure intestinal bleeding; mean of 56 blood transfusions within the last 24 months). Bleeding stopped within two weeks after the start of thalidomide in all patients. Haemoglobin normalised without further transfusions for the whole observation period (mean follow up 33 months) while patients needed a mean of 2.2 (CD) and 3.1 (obscure bleeding) blood units/month in the 12 months before treatment. After three months of thalidomide therapy, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were strongly suppressed compared with pretreatment levels. (CD 818 (82) v 129 (86) pg/ml; obscure bleeding 264 (68) v 50 (25) pg/ml). All six patients reported transient fatigue. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in one patient with CD after nine months and was reversible after lowering the dose to 100 mg daily. These results indicate that thalidomide might be useful for patients with otherwise refractory intestinal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bauditz
- Charité University Hospital, IVth Department of Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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