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Yeo M, Zhang Q, Ding L, Shen X, Chen Y, Liedtke W. Spinal cord dorsal horn sensory gate in preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy and contact dermatitis chronic itch becomes less leaky with Kcc2 gene expression-enhancing treatments. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:911606. [PMID: 36504679 PMCID: PMC9731339 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intraneuronal chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) pain relay neurons is of critical relevance for physiological transmission of primary sensory afferents because low intraneuronal chloride dictates GABA-ergic and glycin-ergic neurotransmission to be inhibitory. If neuronal chloride rises to unphysiological levels, the primary sensory gate in the spinal cord dorsal horn becomes corrupted, with resulting behavioral hallmarks of hypersensitivity and allodynia, for example in pathological pain. Low chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons relies on the robust gene expression of Kcc2 and sustained transporter function of the KCC2 chloride-extruding electroneutral transporter. Based on a recent report where we characterized the GSK3-inhibitory small molecule, kenpaullone, as a Kcc2 gene expression-enhancer that potently repaired diminished Kcc2 expression and KCC2 transporter function in SCDH pain relay neurons, we extend our recent findings by reporting (i) effective pain control in a preclinical model of taxol-induced painful peripheral neuropathy that was accomplished by topical application of a TRPV4/TRPA1 dual-inhibitory compound (compound 16-8), and was associated with the repair of diminished Kcc2 gene expression in the SCDH; and (ii) potent functioning of kenpaullone as an antipruritic in a DNFB contact dermatitis preclinical model. These observations suggest that effective peripheral treatment of chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy impacts the pain-transmitting neural circuit in the SCDH in a beneficial manner by enhancing Kcc2 gene expression, and that chronic pruritus might be relayed in the primary sensory gate of the spinal cord, following similar principles as pathological pain, specifically relating to the critical functioning of Kcc2 gene expression and the KCC2 transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Yeo
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Qiaojuan Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - LeAnne Ding
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiangjun Shen
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Yong Chen
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Wolfgang Liedtke
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Scott HL, Buckner N, Fernandez-Albert F, Pedone E, Postiglione L, Shi G, Allen N, Wong LF, Magini L, Marucci L, O'Sullivan GA, Cole S, Powell J, Maycox P, Uney JB. A dual druggable genome-wide siRNA and compound library screening approach identifies modulators of parkin recruitment to mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3285-3300. [PMID: 31911436 PMCID: PMC7062187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biochemical evidence points to an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease (PD). PD-associated mutations in several genes have been identified and include those encoding PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin. To identify genes, pathways, and pharmacological targets that modulate the clearance of damaged or old mitochondria (mitophagy), here we developed a high-content imaging-based assay of parkin recruitment to mitochondria and screened both a druggable genome-wide siRNA library and a small neuroactive compound library. We used a multiparameter principal component analysis and an unbiased parameter-agnostic machine-learning approach to analyze the siRNA-based screening data. The hits identified in this analysis included specific genes of the ubiquitin proteasome system, and inhibition of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 N (UBE2N) with a specific antagonist, Bay 11-7082, indicated that UBE2N modulates parkin recruitment and downstream events in the mitophagy pathway. Screening of the compound library identified kenpaullone, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase 3, as a modulator of parkin recruitment. Validation studies revealed that kenpaullone augments the mitochondrial network and protects against the complex I inhibitor MPP+. Finally, we used a microfluidics platform to assess the timing of parkin recruitment to depolarized mitochondria and its modulation by kenpaullone in real time and with single-cell resolution. We demonstrate that the high-content imaging-based assay presented here is suitable for both genetic and pharmacological screening approaches, and we also provide evidence that pharmacological compounds modulate PINK1-dependent parkin recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Scott
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Buckner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Postiglione
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Gongyu Shi
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Allen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Fong Wong
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Magini
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; BrisSynBio, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A O'Sullivan
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cole
- Takeda Ventures, Inc., 61 Aldwych, London WC2B 4A, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Powell
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Maycox
- Takeda Ventures, Inc., 61 Aldwych, London WC2B 4A, United Kingdom
| | - James B Uney
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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Lee HW, Arif E, Altintas MM, Quick K, Maheshwari S, Plezia A, Mahmood A, Reiser J, Nihalani D, Gupta V. High-content screening assay-based discovery of paullones as novel podocyte-protective agents. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F280-F292. [PMID: 29046299 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte dysfunction and loss is an early event and a hallmark of proteinuric kidney diseases. A podocyte's normal function is maintained via its unique cellular architecture that relies on an intracellular network of filaments, including filamentous actin (F-actin) and microtubules, that provides mechanical support. Damage to this filamentous network leads to changes in cellular morphology and results in podocyte injury, dysfunction, and death. Conversely, stabilization of this network protects podocytes and ameliorates proteinuria. This suggests that stabilization of podocyte architecture via its filamentous network could be a key therapeutic strategy for proteinuric kidney diseases. However, development of podocyte-directed therapeutics, especially those that target the cell's filamentous network, is still lacking, partly because of unavailability of appropriate cellular assays for use in a drug discovery environment. Here, we describe a new high-content screening-based methodology and its implementation on podocytes to identify paullone derivatives as a novel group of podocyte-protective compounds. We find that three compounds, i.e., kenpaullone, 1-azakenpaullone, and alsterpaullone, dose dependently protect podocytes from puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-mediated injury in vitro by reducing PAN-induced changes in both the filamentous actin and microtubules, with alsterpaullone providing maximal protection. Mechanistic studies further show that alsterpaullone suppressed PAN-induced activation of signaling downstream of GSK3β and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In vivo it reduced ADR-induced glomerular injury in a zebrafish model. Together, these results identify paullone derivatives as novel podocyte-protective agents for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Won Lee
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Quick
- PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Shrey Maheshwari
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandra Plezia
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aqsa Mahmood
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Drug Discovery Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
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Liu ML, Zang T, Zhang CL. Direct Lineage Reprogramming Reveals Disease-Specific Phenotypes of Motor Neurons from Human ALS Patients. Cell Rep 2016; 14:115-28. [PMID: 26725112 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtype-specific neurons obtained from adult humans will be critical to modeling neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we show that adult human skin fibroblasts can be directly and efficiently converted into highly pure motor neurons without passing through an induced pluripotent stem cell stage. These adult human induced motor neurons (hiMNs) exhibit the cytological and electrophysiological features of spinal motor neurons and form functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with skeletal muscles. Importantly, hiMNs converted from ALS patient fibroblasts show disease-specific degeneration manifested through poor survival, soma shrinkage, hypoactivity, and an inability to form NMJs. A chemical screen revealed that the degenerative features of ALS hiMNs can be remarkably rescued by the small molecule kenpaullone. Taken together, our results define a direct and efficient strategy to obtain disease-relevant neuronal subtypes from adult human patients and reveal their promising value in disease modeling and drug identification.
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