Suzuki Y, Imamura Y, Katsube D, Kogure A, Hirai N, Kimura M. Visualization of Electrolyte Reaction Field Near the Negative Electrode of a Lead Acid Battery by Means of Amplitude/Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy.
Materials (Basel) 2023;
16:2146. [PMID:
36984026 PMCID:
PMC10056773 DOI:
10.3390/ma16062146]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The precise observation of a solid-liquid interface by means of frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) was performed, demonstrating its applicability to a study on lead acid batteries using an electrochemical test cell for in-liquid FM-AFM embedded with a specialized cantilever holder. The consistency and reproducibility of each surface profile observed via amplitude modulation AFM and FM-AFM were verified properly in a strong acidic electrolyte. In terms of FM-AFM, the ability to observe remarkable changes in the force mapping is the most beneficial, especially near the negative electrode surface. The localization of lignosulfonate (LS) added into the electrolyte as an expander could be visualized since this characteristic force mapping was captured when LS was added to electrolyte.
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