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Zhu L, Kim EJ, González E, Fraser MA, Zhu S, Rubio-Torio N, Ma GX, Yeh MC, Tan Y. Reducing Liver Cancer Risk through Dietary Change: Positive Results from a Community-Based Educational Initiative in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups. Nutrients 2022; 14:4878. [PMID: 36432564 PMCID: PMC9698707 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary behaviors and alcohol consumption have been linked to liver disease and liver cancer. So far, most of the liver cancer awareness campaigns and behavioral interventions have focused on preventive behaviors such as screening and vaccination uptake, while few incorporated dietary aspects of liver cancer prevention. We implemented a community-based education initiative for liver cancer prevention among the African, Asian, and Hispanic populations within the Greater Philadelphia and metropolitan New York City areas. Data from the baseline and the 6-month follow-up surveys were used for the assessment of changes in dietary behaviors and alcohol consumption among participants. In total, we recruited 578 participants through community-/faith-based organizations to participate in the educational workshops. The study sample included 344 participants who completed both baseline and follow-up survey. The Hispanic subgroup was the only one that saw an overall significant change in dietary behaviors, with the Mediterranean dietary score increasing significantly from 30.000 at baseline survey to 31.187 at 6-month follow-up assessment (p < 0.05), indicating a trend towards healthier dietary habit. In the African Americans participants, the consumption scores of fruits and poultry increased significantly, while vegetables and red meats decreased. In Asian Americans, the consumption of non-refined cereals, red meats, and dairy products decreased. Alcohol consumption decreased significantly among Hispanics while it did not change significantly among the other two communities. This community-based educational initiative generated different impacts in the three populations, further highlighting the needs for more targeted, culturally tailored efforts in health promotion among these underprivileged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ellen Jaeseon Kim
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Evelyn González
- Office of Community Outreach, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - Steven Zhu
- Pennsylvania United Chinese Coalition, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Grace X. Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Urban Health and Population Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ming-Chin Yeh
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Yin Tan
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Wen L, Xin B, Wu P, Lin CH, Peng C, Wang G, Lee J, Lu LF, Feng GS. An Efficient Combination Immunotherapy for Primary Liver Cancer by Harmonized Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 69:2518-2532. [PMID: 30693544 PMCID: PMC6541536 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors for liver cancer, while active in many clinical trials worldwide, may have uncertain outcomes due to the unique immunotolerant microenvironment of the liver. In previous experiments, we unexpectedly identified a robust liver tumor-preventive effect of a synthetic double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyIC), in mice. Herein we further demonstrate that polyIC given at the precancer stage effectively prevented liver tumorigenesis by activating natural killer cells, macrophages, and some T-cell subsets; no inhibitory effect was observed on tumor progression if injected after tumor initiation. Nevertheless, polyIC administration potently induced programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in liver sinusoid endothelial cells, which prompted us to test a combined treatment of polyIC and PD-L1 antibody (Ab). Although injecting PD-L1 Ab alone did not show any therapeutic effect, injection of polyIC sensitized the hepatic response to PD-L1 blockade. Combination of polyIC and PD-L1 Ab resulted in sustained accumulation of active cluster of differentiation 8 cytotoxic T cells and robust liver tumor suppression and conferred a survival advantage in mice. These preclinical data in animal models suggest that, despite the low efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockade alone, careful design of mechanism-based combinatorial immunotherapeutic protocols may shift the paradigm in liver cancer treatment by coordinating maximal activation of multiple innate and adaptive immune functions. Conclusion: We provide proof of principle for the development of an efficient prevention strategy of liver tumorigenesis and a powerful combination immunotherapy for primary liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Panyisha Wu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, P.R. China
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Microbiome Innovation and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chuanhui Peng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Gaowei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Microbiome Innovation and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Hoshida Y, Villanueva A, Sangiovanni A, Sole M, Hur C, Andersson KL, Chung RT, Gould J, Kojima K, Gupta S, Taylor B, Crenshaw A, Gabriel S, Minguez B, Iavarone M, Friedman SL, Colombo M, Llovet JM, Golub TR. Prognostic gene expression signature for patients with hepatitis C-related early-stage cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1024-30. [PMID: 23333348 PMCID: PMC3633736 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cirrhosis affects 1% to 2% of the world population and is the major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis C cirrhosis-related HCC is the most rapidly increasing cause of cancer death in the United States. Noninvasive methods have been developed to identify patients with asymptomatic early-stage cirrhosis, increasing the burden of HCC surveillance, but biomarkers are needed to identify patients with cirrhosis who are most in need of surveillance. We investigated whether a liver-derived 186-gene signature previously associated with outcomes of patients with HCC is prognostic for patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis but without HCC. METHODS We performed gene expression profile analysis of formalin-fixed needle biopsy specimens from the livers of 216 patients with hepatitis C-related early-stage (Child-Pugh class A) cirrhosis who were prospectively followed up for a median of 10 years at an Italian center. We evaluated whether the 186-gene signature was associated with death, progression of cirrhosis, and development of HCC. RESULTS Fifty-five (25%), 101 (47%), and 60 (28%) patients were classified as having poor-, intermediate-, and good-prognosis signatures, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression modeling, the poor-prognosis signature was significantly associated with death (P = .004), progression to advanced cirrhosis (P < .001), and development of HCC (P = .009). The 10-year rates of survival were 63%, 74%, and 85% and the annual incidence of HCC was 5.8%, 2.2%, and 1.5% for patients with poor-, intermediate-, and good-prognosis signatures, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A 186-gene signature used to predict outcomes of patients with HCC is also associated with outcomes of patients with hepatitis C-related early-stage cirrhosis. This signature might be used to identify patients with cirrhosis in most need of surveillance and strategies to prevent the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Hoshida
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Centro de Investigaciones en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hosptial Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelo Sangiovanni
- Department of Medicine, 1st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manel Sole
- Department of Pathology, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Centro de Investigaciones en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hosptial Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chin Hur
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Joshua Gould
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bradley Taylor
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Andrew Crenshaw
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Beatriz Minguez
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Massimo Iavarone
- Department of Medicine, 1st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Massimo Colombo
- Department of Medicine, 1st Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Josep M. Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Centro de Investigaciones en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Hosptial Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Todd R. Golub
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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