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Mambwe D, Coertzen D, Leshabane M, Mulubwa M, Njoroge M, Gibhard L, Girling G, Wicht KJ, Lee MCS, Wittlin S, Moreira DRM, Birkholtz LM, Chibale K. hERG, Plasmodium Life Cycle, and Cross Resistance Profiling of New Azabenzimidazole Analogues of Astemizole. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:463-469. [PMID: 38628794 PMCID: PMC11017395 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toward addressing the cardiotoxicity liability associated with the antimalarial drug astemizole (AST, hERG IC50 = 0.0042 μM) and its derivatives, we designed and synthesized analogues based on compound 1 (Pf NF54 IC50 = 0.012 μM; hERG IC50 = 0.63 μM), our previously identified 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole AST analogue. Compound 11 retained in vitro multistage antiplasmodium activity (ABS PfNF54 IC50 = 0.017 μM; gametocytes PfiGc/PfLGc IC50 = 1.24/1.39 μM, and liver-stage PbHepG2 IC50 = 2.30 μM), good microsomal metabolic stability (MLM CLint < 11 μL·min-1·mg-1, EH < 0.33), and solubility (150 μM). It shows a ∼6-fold and >6000-fold higher selectivity against human ether-á-go-go-related gene higher selectively potential over hERG relative to 1 and AST, respectively. Despite the excellent in vitro antiplasmodium activity profile, in vivo efficacy in the Plasmodium berghei mouse infection model was diminished, attributable to suboptimal oral bioavailability (F = 14.9%) at 10 mg·kg-1 resulting from poor permeability (log D7.4 = -0.82). No cross-resistance was observed against 44 common Pf mutant lines, suggesting activity via a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Mambwe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dina Coertzen
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable
Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Meta Leshabane
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable
Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mwila Mulubwa
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK & Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK & Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK & Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gareth Girling
- Wellcome
Sanger Institute, Wellcome
Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Wicht
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcus C. S. Lee
- Wellcome
Sanger Institute, Wellcome
Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Biological
Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable
Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK & Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- South
African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research
Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute
of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
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