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Xu L, Wang P, Xia P, Wu P, Chen X, Du L, Liu J, Xue N, Fang Z. A Flexible Ultrasound Array for Local Pulse Wave Velocity Monitoring. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:479. [PMID: 35884282 PMCID: PMC9312981 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured at a specific artery location is called local PWV, which provides the elastic characteristics of arteries and indicates the degree of arterial stiffness. However, the large and cumbersome ultrasound probes require an appropriate sensor position and pressure maintenance, introducing usability constraints. In this paper, we developed a light (0.5 g) and thin (400 μm) flexible ultrasound array by encapsulating 1-3 composite piezoelectric transducers with a silicone elastomer. It can capture the distension waveforms of four arterial positions with a spacing of 10 mm and calculate the local PWV by multi-point fitting. This is illustrated by in vivo experiments, where the local PWV value of five normal subjects ranged from 3.07 to 4.82 m/s, in agreement with earlier studies. The beat-to-beat coefficient of variation (CV) is 12.0% ± 3.5%, showing high reliability. High reproducibility is shown by the results of two groups of independent measurements of three subjects (the error between the mean values is less than 0.3 m/s). These properties of the developed flexible ultrasound array enable the bandage-like application of local PWV monitoring to skin surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Xu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Pan Xia
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pang Wu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianxiang Chen
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Lidong Du
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiexin Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS), Beijing 100190, China; (L.X.); (P.W.); (P.X.); (P.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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