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Sanfilippo R, Canale M, Dugo G, Oliveri C, Scarangella M, Strano MC, Amenta M, Crupi A, Spina A. Effects of Partial Replacement of Durum Wheat Re-Milled Semolina with Bean Flour on Physico-Chemical and Technological Features of Doughs and Breads during Storage. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1125. [PMID: 36903984 PMCID: PMC10005074 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The 'Signuredda' bean is a local genotype of pulse with particular technological characteristics, cultivated in Sicily, Italy. This paper presents the results of a study to evaluate the effects of partial substitutions of durum wheat semolina with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of bean flour to prepare durum wheat functional breads. The physico-chemical properties and the technological quality of flours, doughs, and breads were investigated, as well as their storage process up to six days after baking. With the addition of bean flour, the proteins increased, as did the brown index, while the yellow index decreased. The water absorption and dough stability according to the farinograph increased from 1.45 in FBS 7.5%, to 1.65 in FBS 10%, for both 2020 and 2021, and from 5% to 10% supplementation for water absorption. Dough stability increased from 4.30 in FBS 5%-2021 to 4.75 in FBS 10%-2021. According to the mixograph, the mixing time also increased. The absorption of water and oil, as well as the leavening capacity, were also examined, and results highlighted an increase in the amount of water absorbed and a greater fermentation capacity. The greatest oil uptake was shown with bean flour at 10% supplementation (3.40%), while all bean flour mixes showed a water absorption of approximately 1.70%. The fermentation test showed the addition of 10% bean flour significantly increased the fermentative capacity of the dough. The color of the crumb was darker, while the crust became lighter. During the staling process, compared with the control sample, loaves with greater moisture and volume, and better internal porosity were obtained. Moreover, the loaves were extremely soft at T0 (8.0 versus 12.0 N of the control). In conclusion, the results showed an interesting potential of 'Signuredda' bean flour as a bread-making ingredient to obtain softer breads, which are better able to resist becoming stale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Sanfilippo
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Michele Canale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina-Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
- Science4Life S.r.l., Spin-Off of the University of Messina-Via Leonardo Sciascia, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Oliveri
- Agronomic Consultant of AgriCultura Terra di Santo Stefano, C.da Segreto, Santo Stefano di Briga, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scarangella
- ICQ-RF—Ispettorato Centrale Qualità e Repressione Frodi, Laboratorio di Catania, Via Alessandro Volta 19, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Strano
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Antonino Crupi
- AgriCultura Terra di Santo Stefano, C.da Passo della Scala, Santo Stefano di Briga, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alfio Spina
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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