Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates diabetic wound healing by ADSC‑derived exosomes via promoting the uptake of exosomes and enhancing angiogenesis

Diabetic wounds remain a great challenge for clinicians globally as a lack of effective radical treatment often results in poor prognosis. Exosomes derived from adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSC‑Exos) have been explored as an appealing nanodrug delivery system in the treatment of diabetic wounds. However, the short half‑life and low utilization efficiency of exosomes limit their therapeutic effects. Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) provides a non‑invasive mechanical stimulus to cells and exerts a number of biological effects such as cavitation and thermal effects. In the present study, whether LIPUS could enhance ADSC‑Exo‑mediated diabetic wound repair was investigated and its possible mechanism of action was explored. After isolation and characterization, ADSC‑Exos were injected into mice with diabetic wounds, then the mice were exposed to LIPUS irradiation. The control mice were subcutaneously injected with PBS. Wound healing assays, laser Doppler perfusion, Masson's staining and angiogenesis assays were used to assess treatment efficiency. Then, ADSC‑Exos were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs were assessed. Moreover, the cellular uptake of ADSC‑Exos in vitro and in vivo was assessed to explore the synergistic mechanisms underlying the effects of LIPUS. The in vivo results demonstrated that LIPUS increased the uptake of exosomes and prolonged the residence of exosomes in the wound area, thus enhancing angiogenesis and accelerating wound repair in diabetic mice. The in vitro results further confirmed that LIPUS enhanced the uptake efficiency of ADSC‑Exos by 10.93‑fold and significantly increased the proliferation, migration and tubular formation of HUVECs. Therefore, the present study indicates that LIPUS is a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of ADSC‑Exos in diabetic wounds by promoting the cellular uptake of exosomes and enhancing angiogenesis.

[Corrigendum] Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes periodontal ligament stem cell migration through TWIST1‑mediated SDF‑1 expression

Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that the 'Control' and 'AMD3100' panels in Fig. 3B on p. 326 appeared to show strikingly similar data, such that they may have been derived from the same original source; likewise, the 'Control' and 'Scramble' data panels in the 'Untreated' row of data panels in Fig. 5B on p. 327 also appeared to share some of the same data. The authors have re‑examined their data, and realized that a pair of the data panels included in these figures were inadvertently selected incorrectly. The corrected versions of Figs. 3 and 5, containing the correct data for the 'Control' panel in Fig. 3B and the 'Control' panel for the 'Untreated' experiments in Fig. 5B, are shown on the next page. These errors did not affect the major conclusions reported in the paper. All the authors have agreed to this Corrigendum, and thank the Editor of International Journal of Molecular Medicine for allowing them the opportunity to publish this. The authors regret these errors went unnoticed during the compilation of the figures in question, and apologize to the readership for any confusion that this may have caused. [the original article was published in International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42: 322‑330, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3592].