Liu X, Mariani A, Diemant T, Dong X, Su PH, Passerini S. Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Enabling Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202305840. [PMID:
37249166 DOI:
10.1002/anie.202305840]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal is a promising anode material for next-generation high-energy-density batteries but suffers from low stripping/plating Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth particularly at sub-zero temperatures. Herein, a poorly-flammable, locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte with a wide liquidus range extending well below 0 °C is proposed for low-temperature lithium metal batteries. Its all-anion Li+ solvation and phase-nano-segregation solution structure are sustained at low temperatures, which, together with a solid electrolyte interphase rich in inorganic compounds, enable dendrite-free operation of lithium metal anodes at -20 °C and 0.5 mA cm-2, with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.9%. As a result, lithium metal batteries coupling thin lithium metal anodes (4 mAh cm-2) and high-loading LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes (10 mg cm-2) retain 70% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at -20 °C. These results, as a proof of concept, demonstrate the applicability of locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes for low-temperature lithium metal batteries.
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