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Read BJ, Won L, Kraft JC, Sappington I, Aung A, Wu S, Bals J, Chen C, Lee KK, Lingwood D, King NP, Irvine DJ. Mannose-binding lectin and complement mediate follicular localization and enhanced immunogenicity of diverse protein nanoparticle immunogens. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110217. [PMID: 35021101 PMCID: PMC8805147 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) vaccine formulations promote immune responses through multiple mechanisms. We recently reported that mannose-binding lectin (MBL) triggers trafficking of glycosylated HIV Env-immunogen NPs to lymph node follicles. Here, we investigate effects of MBL and complement on NP forms of HIV and other viral antigens. MBL recognition of oligomannose on gp120 nanoparticles significantly increases antigen accumulation in lymph nodes and antigen-specific germinal center (GC) responses. MBL and complement also mediate follicular trafficking and enhance GC responses to influenza, HBV, and HPV particulate antigens. Using model protein nanoparticles bearing titrated levels of glycosylation, we determine that mannose patches at a minimal density of 2.1 × 10-3 mannose patches/nm2 are required to trigger follicular targeting, which increases with increasing glycan density up to at least ∼8.2 × 10-3 patches/nm2. Thus, innate immune recognition of glycans has a significant impact on humoral immunity, and these findings provide a framework for engineering glycan recognition to optimize vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Read
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lori Won
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Isaac Sappington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Bals
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chengbo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Dios-Esponera A, Melis N, Subramanian BC, Weigert R, Samelson LE. Pak1 Kinase Promotes Activated T Cell Trafficking by Regulating the Expression of L-Selectin and CCR7. Front Immunol 2019; 10:370. [PMID: 30891040 PMCID: PMC6411651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal function of the adaptive immune system requires trafficking of T cells between the blood and lymphoid organs. Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes requires that they cross endothelial barriers present in blood vessels and lymphatics. This multi-step process requires a remodeling of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, which is mediated by the dynamic re-arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Pak1 plays a central role in cell morphology, adhesion and migration in various cell types. Here we demonstrate that Pak1 is required for activated CD4+ T cell trafficking to lymph nodes. Pak1 deficiency in T cells causes a defect in the transcription of CCR7 and L-selectin, thereby altering lymphocyte trafficking. Additionally, we report an increase in L-selectin shedding in Pak1-deficient T cells, which correlates with a decrease in the recruitment of calmodulin to the cytoplasmic tail of L-selectin during T cell activation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that by regulating the expression of two major lymph node homing molecules, L-selectin and CCR7, Pak1 mediates activated CD4+ T cell trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dios-Esponera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wang HB, Akuthota P, Kanaoka Y, Weller PF. Airway eosinophil migration into lymph nodes in mice depends on leukotriene C 4. Allergy 2017; 72:927-936. [PMID: 27874209 DOI: 10.1111/all.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated in mice that airway eosinophils traffic from the airway lumen into lung-draining paratracheal lymph nodes. However, mechanisms whereby eosinophils traverse from the lungs and home to paratracheal lymph nodes remain unclear. We investigated roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes in mediating eosinophil trafficking from lungs to paratracheal lymph nodes. METHODS The expression of CCR7 was determined by flow cytometry. Transwell assays were used to test chemotactic responses of leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient and control airway eosinophils to the chemokine CCL19 ex vivo. Eosinophils from the spleens of IL-5 transgenic mice, fluorescently labeled ex vivo, were intratracheally injected into ovalbumin-sensitized and ovalbumin aerosol-challenged leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient and control mice. Eosinophils were identified by microscopy and flow cytometry in the lungs and paratracheal lymph nodes. RESULTS Mouse eosinophils expressed CCR7, the receptor for CCL19, and responded chemotactically to CCL19. Leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient eosinophils exhibited impaired chemotaxis to CCL19 that was restored by exogenous leukotriene C4 . The migration of intratracheally injected eosinophils into paratracheal lymph nodes from distal alveolar lung was diminished in leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, with increased retention of eosinophils in the lungs of leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice. Exogenous administration of leukotriene C4 restored trafficking of eosinophils to paratracheal lymph nodes in leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that cysteinyl leukotrienes are involved in regulating airway and lung eosinophil migration into paratracheal lymph nodes identify previously unrecognized roles for the cysteinyl leukotrienes in regulating the pulmonary trafficking of eosinophils in experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-B. Wang
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. Akuthota
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. F. Weller
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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Abstract
Despite the immense public health successes of immunization over the past century, effective vaccines are still lacking for globally important pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, and tuberculosis. Exciting recent advances in immunology and biotechnology over the past few decades have facilitated a shift from empirical to rational vaccine design, opening possibilities for improved vaccines. Some of the most important advancements include (i) the purification of subunit antigens with high safety profiles, (ii) the identification of innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and cognate agonists responsible for inducing immune responses, and (iii) developments in nano- and microparticle fabrication and characterization techniques. Advances in particle engineering now allow highly tunable physicochemical properties of particle-based vaccines, including composition, size, shape, surface characteristics, and degradability. Enhanced collaborative efforts between researchers in immunology and materials science are expected to rise to next-generation vaccines. This process will be significantly aided by a greater understanding of the immunological principles guiding vaccine antigenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. With specific emphasis on PRR-targeted adjuvants and particle physicochemical properties, this review aims to provide an overview of the current literature to guide and focus rational particle-based vaccine design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Gause
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yan Yan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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