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Wu Y, Zhang T, Li X, Wei Y, Li X, Wang S, Liu J, Li D, Wang S, Ye T. Borneol-driven meningeal lymphatic drainage clears amyloid-β peptide to attenuate Alzheimer-like phenotype in mice. Theranostics 2023; 13:106-124. [PMID: 36593948 PMCID: PMC9800736 DOI: 10.7150/thno.76133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The accumulation and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The (re)discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels in recent years has focused attention on the lymphatic clearance of Aβ and has become a promising therapeutic target for such diseases. However, there is a lack of small molecular compounds that could clearly regulate meningeal lymphatic drainage to remove Aβ from the brain. Methods: We investigated the effect of borneol on meningeal lymphatic clearance of macromolecules with different molecular weights (including Aβ) in the brain. To further investigate the mechanism of borneol regulating meningeal lymphatic drainage, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Nitric Oxide assay kits were used. The cognitive function of AD mice after borneol treatment was evaluated using two behavioral tests: open field (OF) and Morris water maze (MWM). Results: This study discovered that borneol could accelerate the lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain by enhancing meningeal lymphatic drainage. Preliminary mechanism analysis revealed that borneol could improve the permeability and inner diameter of lymphatic vessels, allowing macromolecules to drain into the cervical lymph nodes (CLNS) and then be transported to the lymphatic circulation. To speed up the clearance of macromolecules, borneol also stimulated lymphatic constriction by lowering the level of nitric oxide in the meninges. In addition, borneol stimulated lymphangiogenesis by increasing the levels of FOXC2, VEGFC, and LYVE-1 in the meninges, which promoted the clearance rates of macromolecules. Borneol improved meningeal lymphatic clearance not only for Aβ but also for other macromolecular polymers (molecular weight in the range of 2 KD - 45 KD. Borneol ameliorated cognitive deficits and alleviated brain Aβ burden in Aβ-injected mice. Conclusions: Our findings not only provide a strategy to regulate lymphatic clearance pathways of macromolecules in the brain, but also new targets and ideas for treating neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Furthermore, our findings indicate that borneol is a promising therapeutic drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yimei Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Sixue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Junhong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Shenyang, 110016, China.,Research and development center, Jiangsu Aidi Nano Biomedical Co., Ltd., Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Research and development center, Shenyang Junhong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Tiantian Ye, E-mail: ; Shujun Wang, E-mail:
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Tiantian Ye, E-mail: ; Shujun Wang, E-mail:
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Wen YR, Yang JH, Wang X, Yao ZB. Induced dural lymphangiogenesis facilities soluble amyloid-beta clearance from brain in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:709-716. [PMID: 29722325 PMCID: PMC5950683 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired amyloid-β clearance from the brain is a core pathological event in Alzheimer's disease. The therapeutic effect of current pharmacotherapies is unsatisfactory, and some treatments cause severe side effects. The meningeal lymphatic vessels might be a new route for amyloid-β clearance. This study investigated whether promoting dural lymphangiogenesis facilitated the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain.First, human lymphatic endothelial cells were treated with 100 ng/mL recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor-C (rhVEGF-C) protein. Light microscopy verified that rhVEGF-C, a specific ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), significantly promoted tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. In an in vivo study, 200 μg/mL rhVEGF-C was injected into the cisterna magna of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, once every 2 days, four times in total. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated high levels of dural lymphangiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease mice. One week after rhVEGF-C administration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that levels of soluble amyloid-β were decreased in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. The Morris water maze test demonstrated that spatial cognition was restored. These results indicate that the upregulation of dural lymphangiogenesis facilities amyloid-β clearance from the brain of APP/PS1 mice, suggesting the potential of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Wen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Hua Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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