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Fan S, Kong C, Zhou R, Zheng X, Ren D, Yin Z. Protein Post-Translational Modifications Based on Proteomics: A Potential Regulatory Role in Animal Science. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6077-6088. [PMID: 38501450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Genomic studies in animal breeding have provided a wide range of references; however, it is important to note that genes and mRNA alone do not fully capture the complexity of living organisms. Protein post-translational modification, which involves covalent modifications regulated by genetic and environmental factors, serves as a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that modulates protein structure, activity, and function. In this review, we comprehensively summarize various phosphorylation and acylation modifications on metabolic enzymes relevant to energy metabolism in animals, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutylation, acetoacetylation, and lactylation. It is worth noting that research on animal energy metabolism and modification regulation lags behind the demands for growth and development in animal breeding compared to human studies. Therefore, this review provides a novel research perspective by exploring unreported types of modifications in livestock based on relevant findings from human or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230013, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dalong Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Yoo H, Polsinelli GA. Kinetic Characterization of Human Histone Deacetylase 8 With Medium-Chain Fatty Acyl Lysine. Epigenet Insights 2021; 14:25168657211065685. [PMID: 34917889 PMCID: PMC8669121 DOI: 10.1177/25168657211065685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of Ɛ-acetyl-lysine residues of histones via hydrolysis. Removal of acetyl groups results in condensation of chromatin structure and alteration of gene expression by repression. HDACs are considered targets for the treatment of cancer due to their role in regulating transcription. HDAC8 inhibition may be an important anti-proliferative factor for histone deacetylase inhibitors on cancer cells and may give rise to the progression of apoptosis. HDAC8 activity was analyzed with various peptides where the target lysine is modified with medium-chain fatty acyl group. Kinetic data were determined for each p53 peptide substrate. The results suggest that there was HDAC8 deacetylase activity on peptide substrate as well as deacylase activity with acylated peptide substrate variants. HDAC8 inhibition by hexanoic and decanoic acid was also examined. The Ki for hexanoic and decanoic acid were determined to be 2.35 ± 0.341 and 4.48 ± 0.221 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Gregory A Polsinelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, Charleston, WV, USA
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Zhao R, Shi X, Shi L, Zhao H, Yin F, Li Z. Solid phase diversity-oriented lysine modification of cyclic peptides. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3373. [PMID: 34643009 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel strategy for diversity-oriented lysine modification of cyclic peptides based on the orthogonal alkylation of the lysine residues. All steps can be achieved in the solid phase with satisfying conversions. Notably, we demonstrated that the tether modification could help to improve the cellular uptake of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Osaka N, Hirota Y, Ito D, Ikeda Y, Kamata R, Fujii Y, Chirasani VR, Campbell SL, Takeuchi K, Senda T, Sasaki AT. Divergent Mechanisms Activating RAS and Small GTPases Through Post-translational Modification. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:707439. [PMID: 34307463 PMCID: PMC8295990 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.707439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS is a founding member of the RAS superfamily of GTPases. These small 21 kDa proteins function as molecular switches to initialize signaling cascades involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. RAS is activated by GTP loading and deactivated upon GTP hydrolysis to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate GTP loading and hydrolysis, respectively. These accessory proteins play a fundamental role in regulating activities of RAS superfamily small GTPase via a conserved guanine binding (G)-domain, which consists of five G motifs. The Switch regions lie within or proximal to the G2 and G3 motifs, and undergo dynamic conformational changes between the GDP-bound "OFF" state and GTP-bound "ON" state. They play an important role in the recognition of regulatory factors (GEFs and GAPs) and effectors. The G4 and G5 motifs are the focus of the present work and lie outside Switch regions. These motifs are responsible for the recognition of the guanine moiety in GTP and GDP, and contain residues that undergo post-translational modifications that underlie new mechanisms of RAS regulation. Post-translational modification within the G4 and G5 motifs activates RAS by populating the GTP-bound "ON" state, either through enhancement of intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange or impairing GAP-mediated down-regulation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of post-translational modifications in the RAS G4 and G5 motifs, and describe the role of these modifications in RAS activation as well as potential applications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Osaka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Doshun Ito
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Venkat R. Chirasani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Accelerator Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsuo T. Sasaki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Abstract
Direct targeting of intrinsically disordered proteins, including MYC, by small molecules for biomedical applications would resolve a longstanding issue in chemical biology and medicine. Thus, we developed gold-based small-molecule MYC reagents that engage MYC inside cells and modulate MYC transcriptional activity. Lead compounds comprise an affinity ligand and a gold(I) or gold(III) warhead capable of protein chemical modification. Cell-based MYC target engagement studies via CETSA and co-immunoprecipitation reveal specific interaction of compounds with MYC in cells. The lead gold(I) reagent, 1, demonstrates superior cell-killing potential (up to 35-fold) in a MYC-dependent manner when compared to 10058-F4 in cells including the TNBC, MDA-MB-231. Subsequently, 1 suppresses MYC transcription factor activity via functional colorimetric assays, and gene-profiling using whole-cell transcriptomics reveals significant modulation of MYC target genes by 1. These findings point to metal-mediated ligand affinity chemistry (MLAC) based on gold as a promising strategy to develop chemical probes and anticancer therapeutics targeting MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ofori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington Kentucky, 40506
| | - Sailajah Gukathasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington Kentucky, 40506
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington Kentucky, 40506
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Research Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky, 40536
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Tollefson EJ, Allen CR, Chong G, Zhang X, Rozanov ND, Bautista A, Cerda JJ, Pedersen JA, Murphy CJ, Carlson EE, Hernandez R. Preferential Binding of Cytochrome c to Anionic Ligand-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: A Complementary Computational and Experimental Approach. ACS Nano 2019; 13:6856-6866. [PMID: 31082259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound proteins can play a role in the binding of anionic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to model bilayers; however, the mechanism for this binding remains unresolved. In this work, we determine the relative orientation of the peripheral membrane protein cytochrome c in binding to a mercaptopropionic acid-functionalized AuNP (MPA-AuNP). As this is nonrigid binding, traditional methods involving crystallographic or rigid molecular docking techniques are ineffective at resolving the question. Instead, we have implemented a computational assay technique using a cross-correlation of a small ensemble of 200 ns long molecular dynamics trajectories to identify a preferred nonrigid binding orientation or pose of cytochrome c on MPA-AuNPs. We have also employed a mass spectrometry-based footprinting method that enables the characterization of the stable protein corona that forms at long time-scales in solution but remains in a dynamic state. Through the combination of these computational and experimental primary results, we have established a consensus result establishing the identity of the exposed regions of cytochrome c in proximity to MPA-AuNPs and its complementary pose(s) with amino-acid specificity. Moreover, the tandem use of the two methods can be applied broadly to determine the accessibility of membrane-binding sites for peripheral membrane proteins upon adsorption to AuNPs or to determine the exposed amino-acid residues of the hard corona that drive the acquisition of dynamic soft coronas. We anticipate that the combined use of simulation and experimental methods to characterize biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, as demonstrated here, will become increasingly necessary as the complexity of such target systems grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tollefson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Caley R Allen
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Gene Chong
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Nikita D Rozanov
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Anthony Bautista
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Jennifer J Cerda
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Joel A Pedersen
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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Turner R, Brennan SO, Ashby LV, Dickerhof N, Hamzah MR, Pearson JF, Stamp LK, Kettle AJ. Conjugation of urate-derived electrophiles to proteins during normal metabolism and inflammation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19886-19898. [PMID: 30385504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate is often viewed as an antioxidant. Here, we present an alternative perspective by showing that, when oxidized, urate propagates oxidative stress. Oxidation converts urate to the urate radical and the electrophilic products dehydrourate, 5-hydroxyisourate, and urate hydroperoxide, which eventually break down to allantoin. We investigated whether urate-derived electrophiles are intercepted by nucleophilic amino acid residues to form stable adducts on proteins. When urate was oxidized in the presence of various peptides and proteins, two adducts derived from urate (M r 167 Da) were detected and had mass additions of 140 and 166 Da, occurring mainly on lysine residues and N-terminal amines. The adduct with a 140-Da mass addition was detected more frequently and was stable. Dehydrourate (M r 166 Da) also formed transient adducts with cysteine residues. Urate-derived adducts were detected on human serum albumin in plasma of healthy donors. Basal adduct levels increased when neutrophils were added to plasma and stimulated, and relied on the NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide. Adducts of oxidized urate on serum albumin were elevated in plasma and synovial fluid from individuals with gout and rheumatoid arthritis. We propose that rather than acting as an antioxidant, urate's conversion to electrophiles contributes to oxidative stress. The addition of urate-derived electrophiles to nucleophilic amino acid residues, a process we call oxidative uratylation, will leave a footprint on proteins that could alter their function when critical sites are modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus Turner
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | | | - Louisa V Ashby
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | - Melanie R Hamzah
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research.,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
| | | | - Lisa K Stamp
- the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, .,the Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science
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Abstract
Catalyzing the covalent modification of aliphatic amino groups, such as the lysine (Lys) side chain, by nucleic acids has been challenging to achieve. Such catalysis will be valuable, for example, for the practical preparation of Lys-modified proteins. We previously reported the DNA-catalyzed modification of the tyrosine and serine hydroxy side chains, but Lys modification has been elusive. Herein, we show that increasing the reactivity of the electrophilic reaction partner by using 5'-phosphorimidazolide (5'-Imp) rather than 5'-triphosphate (5'-ppp) enables the DNA-catalyzed modification of Lys in a DNA-anchored peptide substrate. The DNA-catalyzed reaction of Lys with 5'-Imp is observed in an architecture in which the nucleophile and electrophile are not preorganized. In contrast, previous efforts showed that catalysis was not observed when Lys and 5'-ppp were used in a preorganized arrangement. Therefore, substrate reactivity is more important than preorganization in this context. These findings will assist ongoing efforts to identify DNA catalysts for reactions of protein substrates at lysine side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Brandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA) http://www.scs.illinois.edu/silverman/
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Schütz V, Mootz HD. Click-tag and amine-tag: chemical tag approaches for efficient protein labeling in vitro and on live cells using the naturally split Npu DnaE intein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4113-7. [PMID: 24615830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein labeling with synthetic moieties remains in many cases a technically challenging or unresolved task. Two new and simple concepts are presented. In both approaches, a very short tag of only a few amino acids is prepared with the desired chemical modification and, in a second step, it is transferred to the protein of interest by protein trans-splicing. For the amine-tag, a recombinant intein fragment free of lysine residues was generated such that the amine group of the N terminus could be selectively modified with regular amine-reactive reagents. Thus, standard bioconjugation procedures without any chemical synthesis could be applied without modification of lysines in the protein of interest. For the click-tag, protein trans-splicing was combined with unnatural amino acid mutagenesis and subsequent bioorthogonal side chain modification, as demonstrated for click chemistry using p-azidophenylalanine. By the two-step strategy, exposure of the protein of interest to the copper catalyst was avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Schütz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149 Münster (Germany)
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