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Dahanayake V, Pornrungroj C, Pablico-Lansigan M, Hickling WJ, Lyons T, Lah D, Lee Y, Parasido E, Bertke JA, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Van Keuren E, Stoll SL. Paramagnetic Clusters of Mn 3(O 2CCH 3) 6(Bpy) 2 in Polyacrylamide Nanobeads as a New Design Approach to a T 1- T 2 Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:18153-18164. [PMID: 30964631 PMCID: PMC8515904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for gadolinium-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, particularly for patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Using a cluster-nanocarrier combination, we have identified a novel approach to the design of biomedical nanomaterials and report here the criteria for the cluster and the nanocarrier and the advantages of this combination. We have investigated the relaxivity of the following manganese oxo clusters: the parent cluster Mn3(O2CCH3)6(Bpy)2 (1) where Bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and three new analogs, Mn3(O2CC6H4CH═CH2)6(Bpy)2 (2), Mn3(O2CC(CH3)═CH2)6(Bpy)2 (3), and Mn3O(O2CCH3)6(Pyr)2 (4) where Pyr = pyridine. The parent cluster, Mn3(O2CCH3)6(Bpy)2 (1), had impressive relaxivity ( r1 = 6.9 mM-1 s-1, r2 = 125 mM-1 s-1) and was found to be the most amenable for the synthesis of cluster-nanocarrier nanobeads. Using the inverse miniemulsion polymerization technique (1) in combination with the hydrophilic monomer acrylamide, we synthesized nanobeads (∼125 nm diameter) with homogeneously dispersed clusters within the polyacrylamide matrix (termed Mn3Bpy-PAm). The nanobeads were surface-modified by co-polymerization with an amine-functionalized monomer. This enabled various postsynthetic modifications, for example, to attach a near-IR dye, Cyanine7, as well as a targeting agent. When evaluated as a potential multimodal MRI contrast agent, high relaxivity and contrast were observed with r1 = 54.4 mM-1 s-1 and r2 = 144 mM-1 s-1, surpassing T1 relaxivity of clinically used Gd-DTPA chelates as well as comparable T2 relaxivity to iron oxide microspheres. Physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, and impacts on cell viability were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidumin Dahanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chanon Pornrungroj
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
- IMRAM, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Michele Pablico-Lansigan
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - William J. Hickling
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Trevor Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - David Lah
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Edward Van Keuren
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Sarah L. Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, DC 20057, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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