[Corrigendum] Long non‑coding RNA AC245100.4 promotes prostate cancer tumorigenesis via the microRNA‑145‑5p/RBBP5 axis

Subsequently to the publication of the above article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that, concerning the cell proliferation and migration assay data shown in Figs. 6D and 7B, there were a pair of panels showing overlapping data, such that the same data had apparently been selected to show the results from different experiments. Subsequently, the authors referred back to their original data, and identified further incorrectly assembled data panels in Figs. 3B and 7B. The corrected versions of Fig. 3B (showing the correct data for the 'AC245100.4 / PC3 / 0 h' scratch‑wound assay data panel), Fig. 6D (showing the correct data for the 'PC3 / NC‑mimic' and 'DU‑145 / NC‑inhibitor' data panels) and Fig. 7D (showing the correct data for the 'PC3 / 24 h / Inhibitor‑miR‑145‑5p + siAC245100.4' data panel) are shown on the subsequent pages. The authors regret the errors that were made during the preparation of the published figures, and confirm that these errors did not grossly affect the conclusions reported in the study. The authors are grateful to the Editor of Oncology Reports for allowing them the opportunity to publish a Corrigendum, and all the authors agree to this Corrigendum. Furthermore, they apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Oncology Reports 45: 619‑629, 2021; DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7894].

Examination of the effects of microRNA-145-5p and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 in colon cancer

Previous studies manifested that microRNA-145-5p is pivotal in the development of various cancers. Nevertheless, the potential function of microRNA-145-5p in colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study attempted to investigate the potential role and possible mechanism of microRNA-145-5p in colon cancer. MicroRNA-145-5p and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) levels in colon cancer cells were assayed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation and cell cycle status were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The target binding relationship of microRNA-145-5p and PSAT1 was identified using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The result of qRT-PCR disclosed that microRNA-145-5p was markedly down-regulated and PSAT1 level was up-regulated in colon cancer cell lines. Besides, enforced microRNA-145-5p level repressed proliferation of colon cancer cells, and cells were arrested in G0-G1 phase. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter genes confirmed that PSAT1 was a downstream target of microRNA-145-5p. Enforced PSAT1 level remarkably modulated cell cycle and fostered cell proliferation. Furthermore, rescue experiments displayed that microRNA-145-5p restrained cell cycle progression and cell proliferation and forced PSAT1 level could partially reverse this process. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that microRNA-145-5p repressed colon cancer cell cycle progression and cell proliferation via targeting PSAT1. Our findings identified microRNA-145-5p as an essential tumor repressor gene in colon cancer and may provide a novel biomarker for colon cancer.

microRNA-145-5p attenuates acute lung injury via targeting ETS2

The protective effect of microRNA (miR)-145-5p in acute lung injury (ALI) has been discovered previously. Thus, in this study, we attempted to further investigate the mechanism of miR-145-5p in ALI through the downstream E26 transformation-specific proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2)/transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rat model was established. The expression of miR-145-5p in ALI rat lung tissues was up-regulated. Afterward, pathological damage in the lung tissue, the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, apoptosis, and serum inflammatory factor contents were observed. miR-145-5p, ETS2, TGF-β1, Smad2/3, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 levels were measured in rats. miR-145-5p expression was down-regulated, ETS2 expression was up-regulated, and the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was activated in LPS-exposed rats. Overexpression of miR-145-5p inactivated the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and attenuated ALI, as reflected by relieved pathological damage, a decreased W/D ratio, reduced apoptosis, and suppressed inflammatory response. In contrast, loss of miR-145-5p or elevated ETS2 levels worsened ALI and activated the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Moreover, elevation of ETS2 diminished miR-145-5p-mediated protection against ALI. Evidently, miR-145-5p negatively regulates ETS2 expression and inactivates the TGF-β1/Smad pathway to ameliorate ALI in rats.

c-Myb facilitates immune escape of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through the miR-145-5p/SPOP/PD-L1 axis

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a subtype of esophageal carcinoma, is a severe health problem associated with high death rate and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has proven to be effective in many solid tumors, including EAC, but immune escape blocks its effectiveness. Thus, we explored the mechanisms and functional role of c-Myb in immune escape of EAC cells. Clinical EAC tissues were collected for determining the expression of c-Myb, speckled POZ protein (SPOP), and miR-145-5p. Functional assays were then performed to detect the interactions between c-Myb and SPOP as well as between SPOP and miR-145-5p. EAC cell invasion and migration were assessed. Next, T cells were sorted and cocultured with EAC cells with different treatments followed by detection of T-cell viability. In addition, a mouse model of EAC was constructed for relevant in vivo assays. c-Myb and miR-145-5p were highly expressed and SPOP had low expressions in EAC. c-Myb activated the transcription of miR-145-5p, which in turn targeted SPOP. Further, SPOP accelerated the ubiquitination of PD-L1 to enhance its expression. Overexpression of PD-L1 suppressed T-cell functions and promoted proliferative and migrative abilities of EAC cells to induce immune escape. The above findings were also confirmed in the ECA mouse model in vivo. Our findings uncovered that c-Myb can promote the immune escape of EAC cells by favoring the transcription of miR-145-5p and inhibiting SPOP-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1, thus, presenting new target for EAC adjunct therapy.

si-MALAT1 attenuates thymic cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis via the miR-145-5p/HMGA2 pathway

Metastasis-associated-lung-adenocarcinoma-transcript-1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA that is considered a potential tumor marker. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of MALAT1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in thymic cancer cells. IU-TAB-1, A549, HCT-116 and 293T cells were screened by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to assess high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) expression in various types of cancer cells and were transfected with small interfering (si)RNA targeting MALAT1 (si-MALAT1). Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were examined using flow cytometry. The protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bax, Bcl-2 and HMGA2 was determined by western blot analysis, while the associations between MALAT1 and microRNA (miR)-145-5p and between HMGA2 and miR-145-5p were determined by luciferase reporter assay. Among the four cell lines evaluated, IU-TAB-1 showed the highest expression of MALAT1; thus, IU-TAB-1 cells were selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the findings in the control group, si-MALAT1 significantly decreased the cell proliferation of IU-TAB-1 cells, whereas the apoptosis levels and number of cells in G₂ phase were increased. The protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2 and HMGA2 were significantly decreased in the si-MALAT1 group compared with those in the control group, while Bax levels were significantly increased. After treatment with si-MALAT1 in combination with miR-145-5p mimics or inhibitors, cell proliferation and apoptosis were respectively enhanced and inhibited in IU-TAB-1 cells. miR-145-5p inhibited the luciferase activity of IU-TAB-1 cells transfected with the MALAT1 or HMGA2 3' untranslated region. In conclusion, si-MALAT1 significantly attenuated cell proliferation and apoptosis via the miR-145-5p/HMGA2 pathway in thymic cancer cells.

MicroRNA-145-5p inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by targeting ROCK1

There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in the pathological and physiological processes associated with myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R). miR-145 has been extensively studied in the cardiovascular system; however, the role of miR-145 in myocardial I/R remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-145-5p in myocardial I/R by establishing a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model using H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The expression of miR-145-5p was regulated by transfection and the potential target of miR-145-5p was identified. In addition, apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry and the detection of cleaved caspase-3 by western blotting. The results revealed that miR-145-5p expression was decreased while cell apoptosis and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression were increased in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The upregulation of miR-145-5p reduced apoptosis and the expression of ROCK1 in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the overexpression of ROCK1 significantly attenuated the miR-145-5p-induced reduction of apoptosis following H/R. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the overexpression of miR-145-5p inhibits H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting ROCK1.

microRNA-145-5p Inhibits Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting ARF6

Purpose

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the fourth highest rate of mortality among the different types of cancer worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the functions of microRNA-145-5p and AFR6 on migration, invasion and metastasis in HCC.

Methods

A total of 150 pairs of tumor and their matched adjacent nontumor liver tissues were collected from HCC patients. Expressions of microRNA-145-5p and AFR6 were measured by real-time PCR in HCC tissues and in HCC cell lines. The correlations between microRNA-145-5p and HCC prognosis were investigated. The proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of HCCLM3 cells were evaluated with CCK8, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometric experiments.

Results

The expression of miR-145-5p was confirmed to be downregulated not only in HCC tissues but also in several HCC cell lines compared with normal controls. A low expression level of miR-145-5p was notably associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC and certain characteristics of metastatic tumors. In vitro, miR-145-5p negatively regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in HCCLM3 cells. Subsequent experiments further verified that ARF6 is a novel target of miR-145-5p and is significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues. Overexpression of ARF6 circumvented the effects of miR-145-5p in HCCLM3 cells.

Conclusion

miR-145-5p may play a pivotal role in HCC metastasis via regulating ARF6, and these findings may both provide further insights into the key factors of HCC metastasis and prove to be useful in the development of novel treatment options for HCC.

LINC00052 promotes breast cancer cell progression and metastasis by sponging miR-145-5p to modulate TGFBR2 expression

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may participate in biological regulatory mechanisms of tumors. The aim of the present study was to uncover the molecular mechanism of the lncRNA LINC00052 in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer (BC). LINC00052 expression in BC tissues and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The Cell Counting Kit-8, proliferation, Transwell and wound healing assays were employed to confirm the effect of LINC00052 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The cell localization of LINC00052 was estimated by cytoplasmic nuclear separation assay. Finally, the potential regulatory mechanism of LINC00052 in BC was detected by western blot analysis. The expression levels of LINC00052 were found to be significantly higher in BC tissues compared with those in the adjacent normal tissues. Downregulation of LINC00052 expression in vitro significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells. LINC00052 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and was considered to bind with microRNA (miR)-145-5p based on various databases. Notably, the high expression levels of LINC00052 led to the low expression levels of miR-145-5p and high expression levels of TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2). In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrated that LINC00052 may sponge miR-145-5p to upregulate TGFBR2 expression in order to promote the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells. Therefore, LINC00052 may be an effective potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.

Long non‑coding RNA AC245100.4 promotes prostate cancer tumorigenesis via the microRNA‑145‑5p/RBBP5 axis

Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are markedly involved in cancer progression. Thus, identification of these lncRNAs can aid in the treatment of cancer. The present study focused on investigating the overall biological function, mechanism of action and clinical importance of lncRNA AC245100.4 in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study identified that AC245100.4 expression was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of AC245100.4 impaired tumor growth in an animal model. Biological function analysis indicated that AC245100.4 overexpression notably promoted cell proliferation and migration, while knockdown of AC245100.4 suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Mechanism studies focused on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of AC245100.4. Bioinformatics predictions indicated that both AC245100.4 and retinoblastoma binding protein 5 (RBBP5) had microRNA (miR) response elements for miR‑145‑5p. This was further verified using a dual luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. AC245100.4 could positively regulate RBBP5 expression, but negatively regulated miR‑145‑5p expression. In addition, AC245100.4 knockdown‑mediated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration could be reversed by miR‑145‑5p silencing. Overall, the present study proposed a novel model in which the AC245100.4/miR‑145‑5p/RBBP5 ceRNA network induced the development of PCa, providing novel insights for PCa treatment.

MicroRNA-145-5p attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis by targeting the Notch signaling pathway in podocytes

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are considered to serve essential roles in podocyte apoptosis, and to be critical in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Activation of the Notch signaling pathway has been demonstrated to serve an important role in DN development; however, its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study used a high glucose (HG)-induced in vitro apoptosis model using mouse podocytes. Expression levels of miR-145-5p and its target, Notch1, and other key factors involved in the apoptosis signaling pathway were detected and measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to elucidate the miRNA-target interactions. The functions of miR-145-5p in apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The present study demonstrated that in HG conditions, miR-145-5p overexpression inhibited Notch1, Notch intracellular domain, Hes1 and Hey1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Notch1 was identified as a direct target of miR-145-5p. Furthermore, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax levels were reduced significantly by miR-145-5p overexpression. These results indicate that miR-145-5p overexpression inhibited the Notch signaling pathway and podocyte lesions induced by HG. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that miR-145-5p may be a regulator of DN. Additionally, miR-145-5p inhibited HG-induced apoptosis by directly targeting Notch1 and dysregulating apoptotic factors, including cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax. The results of the present study provided evidence that miR-145-5p may offer a novel approach for the treatment of DN.

Dual-strand tumor-suppressor microRNA-145 (miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p) coordinately targeted MTDH in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7:72084-72098. [PMID: 27765924 PMCID: PMC5342147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12290]

Patients with lung adenocarcinoma may benefit from recently developed molecular targeted therapies. However, analogous advanced treatments are not available for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (lung SCC). The survival rate of patients with the advanced stage of lung SCC remains poor. Exploration of novel lung SCC oncogenic pathways might lead to new treatment protocols for the disease. Based on this concept, we have identified microRNA- (miRNA) mediated oncogenic pathways in lung SCC. It is well known that miR-145-5p (the guide strand) functions as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. However, the impact of miR-145-3p (the passenger strand) on cancer cells is still ambiguous. Expression levels of miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p were markedly reduced in cancer tissues, and ectopic expression of these miRNAs inhibited cancer cell aggressiveness, suggesting that both miR-145-3p as well as miR-145-5p acted as antitumor miRNAs. We identified seven putative target genes (MTDH, EPN3, TPD52, CYP27B1, LMAN1, STAT1 and TXNDC12) that were coordinately regulated by miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p in lung SCC. Among the seven genes, we found that metadherin (MTDH) was a direct target of these miRNAs. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that high expression of MTDH predicted reduced survival of lung SCC patients. We investigated pathways downstream from MTDH by using genome-wide gene expression analysis. Our data showed that several anti-apoptosis and pro-proliferation genes were involved in pathways downstream from MTDH in lung SCC. Taken together, both strands of miR-145, miR-145-5p and miR-145-3p are functional and play pivotal roles as antitumor miRNAs in lung SCC.