The Study of the Cytotoxicity, Proliferative and Microbiological Activity of the Medicated Chewing Gum with Ascorbic Acid and Lysozyme Hydrochloride Using Different Culture of Cells

Medicated chewing gum with lysozyme hydrochloride and ascorbic acid as active pharmaceutical ingredients was developed for application in dentistry. The aim of this research was to study the cytotoxicity, proliferative, and microbiological activities of the active ingredients in different types of cell cultures. The preclinical study of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their combinations was carried out using culture lines such as HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma cells), Hek293 (human embryonic kidney cells), and MAEC (mouse aortic endothelial cells). MTT assays were used to analyse cytotoxicity and proliferative activity, while the state of antioxidant protection was assessed by the content of sulfhydryl groups and catalase activity. The determination of lipid peroxidation products was based on the level of TBA-active products. As a microbiological model for studying the effect of the developed dental medicine on the ability of the oral cavity microorganisms to form biofilms, the following strains were used: Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Candida albicans. The optical density of the formed biofilm was evaluated by the intensity of the experimental sample's colour on a StatFax 303 Plus photometer at a wavelength of 630 nm. The combination of ascorbic acid and lysozyme hydrochloride in the established concentrations (20 mg and 10 mg per 1 gum, respectively) resulted in a slight stimulation of cell proliferation without any toxic effects and increased antioxidant protection, preventing the development of oxidative stress. It was found that, in contrast to the separately used active substances, the combination of lysozyme hydrochloride and ascorbic acid inhibits the biofilm formation of all studied microorganisms and shows the ability to destroy diurnal biofilms of L. plantarum and fungi of the genus Candida, indicating potentiation and summation of the active pharmaceutical ingredients' composition effects in the developed dental medicine. Due to the observed positive pharmacological and microbiological action, the combination of lysozyme hydrochloride and ascorbic acid in the medicated chewing gum serves as a promising tool for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the periodontium and mucous membranes and the prevention of caries.

Study of Mechanical and Sanitary Properties of Artificial Cast Stone Products

This paper aimed to analyse the mechanical and sanitary properties of artificial cast stone. To create an artificial stone product of the desired shape and design, a thermoforming process is used, during which heavy presses shape the artificial stone parts at a certain temperature. According to experimental studies, the most suitable temperature for monochromatic and patterned cast stone thermoforming is 160 °C when the material has the least bending resistance and does not react strongly to heat. It is observed that the cast stone bends more easily as the distance increases. The bending test of the glued samples made it possible to find out which of the three gluing methods is the most resistant to the forces acting on the samples during bending. The sanitary properties of the artificial stone were compared with the properties of other commonly used surfaces. In the microbiological study, suspensions of three different bacteria were spread on stainless steel, laminated particleboard and artificial cast stone, and washes were taken from 100 cm² after 25 min. The results showed that the artificial stone after washing had the lowest number of colonies forming units per cm², which supports the claim of excellent sanitary properties of the product.

[The indicators of basal metabolism in inflammatory syndrome bacterial origin: predictors of prognosis or the need for timely correction?]

The aim of the study was to determine the comparative significance of basal metabolism indicators and inflammatory process markers for the closest prognosis of patients in ICUs with systemic inflammation syndrome caused with infectious genesis. The paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the plan of treatment of 198 patients with confirmed clinical and laboratory signs of bacterial infection. The number of leukocytes, platelets, the percentage of lymphocytes, the concentration of procalcitonin, creatinine, bilirubin, C-reactive protein, acid-base balance values were determined in patients. Patients were assessed on a SOFA scale. The type of biomaterial for microbiological research was determined depending on the intended source of infectious inflammation. Identification of the isolated microorganisms was carried out using the MALDI ToF mass spectrometry method, followed by determination of antibiotic resistance. Empirical antibiotic therapy was prescribed upon admission of the patient to the ICU. Patients were switched to etiotropic antibacterial therapy after 48 hours, taking into account the results of a microbiological study. Determination of basal metabolic rate was carried out using the method of indirect calorimetry (CCM Express, Medical Graphics) with the calculation of basal metabolism, respiratory coefficient, absolute and relative amount of macronutrients. The calculation of the protein was made on the basis of the nitrogen level of the daily urine urea. Logistic analysis (ROC analysis) revealed that the antibacterial therapy strategy used, age, gender of patients, tinctorial properties of microorganisms isolated from patients, do not affect the nearest prognosis of the disease. On the contrary, SOFA score, the concentration of procalcitonin in the blood, and such parameters of the metabolic status as the need for kilocalories per kilogram of actual body weight and the percentage of protein calories significantly affect the nearest prognosis of the disease. The percentage of calories derived from protein metabolism, in the main exchange has a high reliable predictive value. The results of the study confirm the importance of adequate nutritional therapy in the treatment of patients with infectious inflammatory syndrome, including the calculation and correction of protein loss and total daily calorie.