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Li S, Ajmal S, Zhou X, Lu M, Li X, Sun Z, Liu S, Zhu M, Li P. Mixed-Dimensional Partial Dealloyed PtCuBi/C as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation with Enhanced CO Tolerance. Small 2023:e2309226. [PMID: 38126680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is crucial in advancing the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, carbon-supported 0D/2D PtCuBi/C (0D/2D PtCuBi/C) catalysts are fabricated through a solvothermal method, followed by a partial electrochemical dealloying process to form a novel mixed-dimensional electrochemically dealloyed PtCuBi/C (0D/2D D-PtCuBi/C) catalysts. Benefiting from distinctive mixed-dimensional structure and composition, the as-obtained 0D/2D D-PtCuBi/C catalysts possess abundant accessible active sites. The introduction of Cu as a water-activating element weakens the COads , and oxophilic metal Bi facilitates the OHads , thereby enhancing its tolerance to CO poisoning and promoting MOR activity. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) collectively reveal the electron transfer from Cu and Bi to Pt, the electron-enrichment effect induced by dealloying, and the strong interactions among Pt-M (Cu, Pt, and Bi) multi-active sites, which improve the tuning of the electronic structure and enhancement of electron transfer ability. Impressively, the optimized 0D/2D D-PtCuBi/C catalysts exhibit the superior mass activity (MA) of 17.68 A mgPt -1 for MOR, which is 14.86 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This study offers a proposed strategy for Pt-based alloy catalysts, enabling their use as efficient anodic materials in fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Sara Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Maoni Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xinghao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shoujie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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Yang J, Lee J, Jung Y, Kim S, Kim J, Kim S, Kim J, Seo S, Park D, Lee J, Walsh A, Park J, Park N. Mixed-Dimensional Formamidinium Bismuth Iodides Featuring In-Situ Formed Type-I Band Structure for Convolution Neural Networks. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200168. [PMID: 35307991 PMCID: PMC9108665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For valence change memory (VCM)-type synapses, a large number of vacancies help to achieve very linearly changed dynamic range, and also, the low activation energy of vacancies enables low-voltage operation. However, a large number of vacancies increases the current of artificial synapses by acting like dopants, which aggravates low-energy operation and device scalability. Here, mixed-dimensional formamidinium bismuth iodides featuring in-situ formed type-I band structure are reported for the VCM-type synapse. As compared to the pure 2D and 0D phases, the mixed phase increases defect density, which induces a better dynamic range and higher linearity. In addition, the mixed phase decreases conductivity for non-paths despite a large number of defects providing lots of conducting paths. Thus, the mixed phase-based memristor devices exhibit excellent potentiation/depression characteristics with asymmetricity of 3.15, 500 conductance states, a dynamic range of 15, pico ampere-scale current level, and energy consumption per spike of 61.08 aJ. A convolutional neural network (CNN) simulation with the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research-10 (CIFAR-10) dataset is also performed, confirming a maximum recognition rate of approximately 87%. This study is expected to lay the groundwork for future research on organic bismuth halide-based memristor synapses usable for a neuromorphic computing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- June‐Mo Yang
- School of Chemical EngineeringEnergy Frontier LaboratorySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Ju‐Hee Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Young‐Kwang Jung
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - So‐Yeon Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringEnergy Frontier LaboratorySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Jeong‐Hoon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Seul‐Gi Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringEnergy Frontier LaboratorySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Jeong‐Hyeon Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringEnergy Frontier LaboratorySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Dong‐Am Park
- School of Chemical EngineeringEnergy Frontier LaboratorySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Jin‐Wook Lee
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Jin‐Hong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
| | - Nam‐Gyu Park
- School of Chemical EngineeringEnergy Frontier LaboratorySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea
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Yun TK, Lee Y, Kim MJ, Park J, Kang D, Kim S, Choi YJ, Yi Y, Shong B, Cho JH, Kim K. Commensurate Assembly of C 60 on Black Phosphorus for Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Transistors. Small 2022; 18:e2105916. [PMID: 35018707 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D crystals can serve as templates for the realization of new van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures via controlled assembly of low-dimensional functional components. Among available 2D crystals, black phosphorus (BP) is unique due to its puckered atomic surface topography, which may lead to strong epitaxial phenomena through guided vdW assembly. Here, it is demonstrated that a BP template can induce highly oriented assembly of C60 molecular crystals. Transmission electron microscopy and theoretical analysis of the C60 /BP vdW heterostructure clearly confirm that the BP template results in oriented C60 assembly with higher-order commensurism. Lateral and vertical devices with C60 /BP junctions are fabricated via a lithography-free clean process, which allows one to investigate the ideal electrical properties of pristine C60 /BP junctions. Effective tuning of the C60 /BP junction barrier from 0.2 to 0.5 eV and maximum on-current density higher than 104 mA cm-2 are achieved with graphite/C60 /BP vertical vdW transistors. Due to the formation of high-quality C60 film and the semitransparent graphite top-electrode, the vertical transistors show high photoresponsivities up to ≈100 A W-1 as well as a fast response time under visible light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Yun
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yangjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Donghee Kang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bonggeun Shong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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Jadwiszczak J, Sherman J, Lynall D, Liu Y, Penkov B, Young E, Keneipp R, Drndić M, Hone JC, Shepard KL. Mixed-Dimensional 1D/2D van der Waals Heterojunction Diodes and Transistors in the Atomic Limit. ACS Nano 2022; 16:1639-1648. [PMID: 35014261 PMCID: PMC9526797 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inverting a semiconducting channel is the basis of all field-effect transistors. In silicon-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), a gate dielectric mediates this inversion. Access to inversion layers may be granted by interfacing ultrathin low-dimensional semiconductors in heterojunctions to advance device downscaling. Here we demonstrate that monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) can directly invert a single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistor channel without the need for a gate dielectric. We fabricate and study this atomically thin one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) van der Waals heterojunction and employ it as the gate of a 1D heterojunction field-effect transistor (1D-HFET) channel. Gate control is based on modulating the conductance through the channel by forming a lateral p-n junction within the CNT itself. In addition, we observe a region of operation exhibiting a negative static resistance after significant gate tunneling current passes through the junction. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations confirm the role of minority carrier drift-diffusion in enabling this behavior. The resulting van der Waals transistor architecture thus has the dual characteristics of both field-effect and tunneling transistors, and it advances the downscaling of heterostructures beyond the limits of dangling bonds and epitaxial constraints faced by III-V semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jadwiszczak
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey Sherman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David Lynall
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boyan Penkov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Erik Young
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rachael Keneipp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marija Drndić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Yao J, Chen F, Li J, Du J, Wu D, Tian Y, Zhang C, Li X, Lin P. Mixed-dimensional Te/CdS van der Waals heterojunction for self-powered broadband photodetector. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:415201. [PMID: 34214994 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac10e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 2D layered crystals can physically integrate with other non-2D components through van der Waals (vdW) interaction, forming mixed-dimensional heterostructures. As a new elemental 2D material, tellurium (Te) has attracted intense recent interest for high room-temperature mobility, excellent air-stability, and the easiness of scalable synthesis. To date, the Te is still in its research infancy, and optoelectronics with low-power consumption are less reported. Motivated by this, we report the fabrication of a mixed-dimensional vdW photodiode using 2D Te and 1D CdS nanobelt in this study. The heterojunction exhibits excellent self-powered photosensing performance and a broad response spectrum up to short-wave infrared. Under 520 nm wavelength, a high responsivity of 98 mA W-1is obtained at zero bias with an external quantum efficiency of 23%. Accordingly, the photo-to-dark current ratio and specific detectivity reach 9.2 × 103and 1.9 × 1011Jones due to the suppressed dark current. This study demonstrates the promising applications of Te/CdS vdW heterostructure in high-performance photodetectors. Besides, such a mixed-dimensional integration strategy paves a new way for device design, thus expanding the research scope for 2D Te-based optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Du
- State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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Xu X, Ran F, Fan Z, Lai H, Cheng Z, Lv T, Shao L, Liu Y. Cactus-Inspired Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework-Derived 1D-2D Hierarchical Co/N-Decorated Carbon Architecture toward Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:13564-13573. [PMID: 30882206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived magnetic metal/carbon nanocomposites have shown tremendous potential for lightweight electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, it is a challenge but highly significant to design and construct mixed-dimensional hierarchical architectures with synergistically integrated characteristics from individual MOFs for advancing the EMW absorption performance. Inspired by the structure of cactus, a novel hierarchical one-dimensional (1D)-two-dimensional (2D) mixed-dimensional Co/N-decorated carbon architecture comprising carbon nanotubes grafted on carbon flakes (abbreviated as CoNC/CNTs) has been fabricated by the pyrolysis of bimetallic CoZn-ZIF-L. The CoNC/CNTs integrate the advantages of 1D nanotubes for the extra polarization of EMW and 2D nanoflakes with an interconnected porous structure for multiple reflection losses of EMW and optimization of impedance matching. The resultant CoNC/CNTs demonstrate excellent EMW absorbing performance. For the optimal EMW absorbing material of CoNC/CNT-3/1, minimum reflection loss reaches -44.6 dB at 5.20 GHz with a low filler loading of 15 wt %. Moreover, the largest effective bandwidth range achieves 4.5 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a filled ratio of 20 wt %. These findings indicate that such a mixed 1D-2D hierarchical architecture synergistically enhances EMW absorbing performance. This work sheds light on the rational design of a mixed-dimensional carbon architecture derived from MOFs for desirable functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Feitian Ran
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Hua Lai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Cheng
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150090 , P. R. China
| | - Tong Lv
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology , Beijing 100074 , P. R. China
| | - Lu Shao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
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Zheng H, Liu G, Xu X, Alsaedi A, Hayat T, Pan X, Dai S. Acquiring High-Performance and Stable Mixed-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells by Using a Transition-Metal-Substituted Pb Precursor. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:3269-3275. [PMID: 30066479 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as the most promising photovoltaic technology, lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research hotspot owing to their super-high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and simple preparation method. However, the toxicity of lead and instability under high humidity and temperature greatly affects their further development. In this study, we investigated three kinds of non-toxic transition metal cations (Zn2+ , Mn2+ , and Ni2+ ) at 3 % to partially substitute lead cations and form mixed-dimensional (MD) perovskites. Among these transition metals, Zn2+ is the most suitable to replace Pb2+ and Zn-MD perovskite device exhibits the best PCE of 18.35 %. In addition, we further studied the humidity and heat stability of methylammonium lead iodide (MA), Zn-MD, Mn-MD, and Ni-MD perovskite devices. Upon exposure to about 50 % relativity humidity (RH) for 800 h, the MA and three MD devices, respectively, maintain 30 %, 81 %, 80 %, and 74 % of their original PCE. After aging at 60 °C for 100 h, the PCEs of the four PSCs retain 40 %, 84 %, 85 %, and 76 % of their starting values, respectively. The results show that the three MD perovskite devices have high humidity and heat stability and using transition-metal-substituted Pb can gain long-term stability and reduced toxicity of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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