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Gentili PL, Stano P. Tracing a new path in the field of AI and robotics: mimicking human intelligence through chemistry. Part I: molecular and supramolecular chemistry. Front Robot AI 2023; 10:1238492. [PMID: 37744185 PMCID: PMC10514506 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1238492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical Artificial Intelligence (CAI) is a brand-new research line that exploits molecular, supramolecular, and systems chemistry in wetware (i.e., in fluid solutions) to imitate some performances of human intelligence and promote unconventional robotics based on molecular assemblies, which act in the microscopic world, otherwise tough to be accessed by humans. It is undoubtedly worth spreading the news that AI researchers can rely on the help of chemists and biotechnologists to reach the ambitious goals of building intelligent systems from scratch. This article reports the first attempt at building a Chemical Artificial Intelligence knowledge map and describes the basic intelligent functions that can be implemented through molecular and supramolecular chemistry. Chemical Artificial Intelligence provides new tools and concepts to mimic human intelligence because it shares, with biological intelligence, the same principles and materials. It enables peculiar dynamics, possibly not accessible in software and hardware domains. Moreover, the development of Chemical Artificial Intelligence will contribute to a deeper understanding of the strict link between intelligence and life, which are two of the most remarkable emergent properties shown by the Complex Systems we call biological organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Stano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Sang M, Huang Y, Wang L, Chen L, Nawsherwan, Li G, Wang Y, Yu X, Dai C, Zheng J. An "AND" Molecular Logic Gate as a Super-Enhancers for De Novo Designing Activatable Probe and Its Application in Atherosclerosis Imaging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207066. [PMID: 36808894 PMCID: PMC10131802 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Developing activatable fluorescent probes with superlative fluorescence enhancement factor (F/F0 ) to improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is still an urgent issue. "AND" molecular logic gates are emerging as a useful tool for enhanced probes selectivity and accuracy. Here, an "AND" logic gate is developed as super-enhancers for designing activatable probes with huge F/F0 and S/N ratio. It utilizes lipid-droplets (LDs) as controllable background input and sets the target analyte as variable input. The fluorescence is tremendously quenching due to double locking, thus an extreme F/F0 ratio of target analyte is obtained. Importantly, this probe can transfer to LDs after a response occurs. The target analyte can be directly visualized through the spatial location without a control group. Accordingly, a peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) activatable probe (CNP2-B) is de novo designed. The F/F0 of CNP2-B achieves 2600 after reacting with ONOO- . Furthermore, CNP2-B can transfer from mitochondria to lipid droplets after being activated. The higher selectivity and S/N ratio of CNP2-B are obtained than commercial probe 3'-(p-hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein (HPFin vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the atherosclerotic plaques at mouse models are delineated clearly after administration with in situ CNP2-B probe gel. Such input controllable "AND" logic gate is envisioned to execute more imaging tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangmang Sang
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
| | - Yibo Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
| | - Lu Wang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNo. 157, Daming Road, Qinhuai DistrictNanjing210000China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of PharmacyGannan Medical UniversityNo. 1 Medical College Road, Zhanggong DistrictGanzhou341000China
| | - Nawsherwan
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseasesShenzhen People's HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology3046 Shennan East Road, Luohu DistrictShenzhen518055China
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
| | - Jinrong Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen UniversitySchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityNo. 2999 Jinshan Road, Huli DistrictXiamen361006China
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Zhu K, Xu X, Yan B. Ratio Fluorescent Detecting of Tryptophan and Its Metabolite 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic Acid Relevant with Depression via Tb(III) Modified HOFs Hybrids: Further Designing Recyclable Molecular Logic Gate Connected by Back Propagation Neural Network. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203292. [PMID: 36772882 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Exploring intelligent fluorescent materials with high reliability and precision to diagnose diseases is significant but remains a great challenge. Herein, based on coordination post-synthetic modification, a Tb3+ functionalized ME-PA (Tb@1) is prepared, which can emit brilliant green fluorescence through ligand-to-mental charge transfer-assisted energy transfer (LMCT-ET) process from ME-PA to Tb3+ ions. Tb@1 can simultaneously distinguish Tryptophan (Try) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), two effective indicators for depression, in ratio and colorimetric mode. And this sensor behaves the advantages of high efficiency and sensitivity, as well as excellent reusability and anti-interference. The PET process from ME to Try and 5-HIAA, and the competitive absorption between analytes and Tb@1 may be relevant to sensing mechanism. In realistic serum or urine environment, the detection limits of Tb@1 for Try and 5-HIAA are 0.0183 and 0.0149 mg L-1 respectively. Moreover, in conjunction with back propagation neural network (BPNN), two dual-output molecular logic gates that can be calculated circularly are further designed, which realizes intelligent control of the electronic component to identify the existence of two biomarkers and judge their concentrations from fluorescence images. This work offers a novel approach to modulate logic circuits based on ML-assisted HOF fluorescent sensor, with promising application for a precise and pictorial depression diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Ma J, Yi C. Development of gold nanoparticles-aptamer nanocomposite for multiplexed analysis of antibiotics and design of molecular logic gates. Nanotechnology 2021; 33:015501. [PMID: 34598169 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2c41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics caused severe problems of antibiotic residues in foodstuffs and water, posing a serious threat to public health and thus urging the development of sensitive, selective, and rapid detection methods for antibiotics. In this study, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based system is developed for the multiplexed analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) and streptomycin (Strep) with detection limits of 2.51 and 8.69μg l-1, respectively. The FRET-based system consists of Cy3-tagged anti-CAP aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (referred to as AuNPs-AptCAP) and Cy5-tagged anti-Strep aptamer-conjugated AuNPs (referred to as AuNPs-AptStrep). In addition, AuNPs-AptCAP and AuNPs-AptStrep have been demonstrated to serve as signal transducers for implementing a series of logic operations such as YES, NOT, INH, OR, (2-4)-Decoder and even more complicated multi-level logic gates (OR-INH). Based on the outputs of logic operations, it could be figured out whether targeted analytes were present or not, thus enabling multiplex sensing and evaluation of pollution status. This proof of concept study might provide a new route for the enhanced sensing performance to distinguish different pollution status as well as the design of molecular mimics of logic elements to demonstrate better applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Advanced and Portable Medical Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Nowadays, information processing is based on semiconductor (e.g., silicon) devices. Unfortunately, the performance of such devices has natural limitations owing to the physics of semiconductors. Therefore, the problem of finding new strategies for storing and processing an ever-increasing amount of diverse data is very urgent. To solve this problem, scientists have found inspiration in nature, because living organisms have developed uniquely productive and efficient mechanisms for processing and storing information. We address several biological aspects of information and artificial models mimicking corresponding bioprocesses. For instance, we review the formation of synchronization patterns and the emergence of order out of chaos in model chemical systems. We also consider molecular logic and ion fluxes as information carriers. Finally, we consider recent progress in infochemistry, a new direction at the interface of chemistry, biology, and computer science, considering unconventional methods of information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Ryzhkov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; , , ,
| | - Konstantin G Nikolaev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; , , ,
| | - Artemii S Ivanov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; , , ,
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; , , ,
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Jancarik A, Khanh Hung N, Skidin D, Moresco F, Gourdon A. Preparation of Tetrabenzo[4.4.2]undecastarphene by On-Surface Synthesis. Chempluschem 2021; 86:991-996. [PMID: 33928767 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A large dissymmetric starphene molecule, the tetrabenzo[a,c,u,w]naphtho[2,3-l]nonaphene, was obtained by first preparing a soluble precursor which was then sublimated on a Au(111) surface in an ultra-high vacuum. In a second step, controlled annealings from 200 °C to 275 °C initiated two successive cyclodehydrogenation steps with the formation of 3 new carbon-carbon bonds. A second conformer was also stable enough during the annealing step to give another compound in similar yield, the benzodibenzo[7,8,9,10]naphthaceno[2,1-h]phenanthro[9,10-p]hexaphene. The formation of this more-hindered species stresses the importance of strong molecule-surface interactions during the cyclodehydrogenations steps of these large polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Jancarik
- CEMES-CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse Cedex 04, France.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dmitry Skidin
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesca Moresco
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andre Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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Muñoz J, Redondo E, Pumera M. Bistable (Supra)molecular Switches on 3D-Printed Responsive Interfaces with Electrical Readout. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:12649-12655. [PMID: 33305562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switching memories have gained great importance in recent years because of the current sharp increase in the production of consumer electronics. Herein, 3D-printed nanocomposite carbon electrodes (3D-nCEs) have been explored as unconventional responsive interfaces to electrically readout bistable molecular switches via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as the output system. As a proof-of-concept, two different 3D-printed responsive interfaces have been devised using surface engineering for covalently anchoring (supra)molecular components that well-define two electrical states (on/off) driven by either electrical or optical stimuli. Accordingly, this work paves the way for the functionalization of 3D-nCEs through fundamental chemistry, opening up new horizons in unprecedented tailored 3D-printed responsive interfaces which could be utilized as potential (bio)sensors, (opto)electronic devices, or molecular logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Redondo
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno 61600, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Barnoy EA, Popovtzer R, Fixler D. Fluorescence for biological logic gates. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e202000158. [PMID: 32537894 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological logic gates are smart probes able to respond to biological conditions in behaviors similar to computer logic gates, and they pose a promising challenge for modern medicine. Researchers are creating many kinds of smart nanostructures that can respond to various biological parameters such as pH, ion presence, and enzyme activity. Each of these conditions alone might be interesting in a biological sense, but their interactions are what define specific disease conditions. Researchers over the past few decades have developed a plethora of stimuli-responsive nanodevices, from activatable fluorescent probes to DNA origami nanomachines, many explicitly defining logic operations. Whereas many smart configurations have been explored, in this review we focus on logic operations actuated through fluorescent signals. We discuss the applicability of fluorescence as a means of logic gate implementation, and consider the use of both fluorescence intensity as well as fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran A Barnoy
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Trifoi LA, Hodgson GK, Dogantzis NP, Impellizzeri S. A Reconfigurable, Dual-Output INHIBIT and IMPLICATION Molecular Logic Gate. Front Chem 2020; 8:470. [PMID: 32582639 PMCID: PMC7290064 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules that respond to input stimulations to produce detectable outputs can be exploited to mimic Boolean logic operators and reproduce basic arithmetic functions. We have designed a two-state fluorescent probe with tunable emission wavelength for the construction of a molecular logic gate with reconfigurable single– or dual–output capability. The system is based on a BODIPY skeleton coupled with 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde. The behavior of the molecular logic gate can be easily investigated in solution with fluorescence spectroscopy, and the optical readout (fluorescence) can be monitored in one (green) or two (green and red) channels. Depending on the solvent of choice, single INHIBIT or dual INHIBIT/IMPLY logic functions can be achieved using chemical inputs (acid and base). Reconfiguration from single– to dual–output is thus made possible by operating the system in acetonitrile (single output) or toluene (dual output), respectively. The logic gate can be switched by manipulating the fluorescence emission via protonation or deprotonation, even when immobilized onto a glass substrate. At the solid state, the resulting output can be stored for extended periods of time. This feature provides two added benefits: (i) memory function and (ii) “set/reset” capability of the logic gate. Our design thus provides a proof-of-concept interface between the molecular and electronic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A Trifoi
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory K Hodgson
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas P Dogantzis
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
An emerging direction in the area of molecular logic and computation is developing molecular-scale devices that can operate in complex biological environments, such as within living cells, which are beyond the reach of conventional electronic devices. Herein we demonstrate, at the proof-of-principle level, how concepts applied in the field of molecular logic gates can be used to convert a simple fluorescent switch (YES gate), which lights up in the presence of glutathione s-transferase (GST), into a medicinally relevant INHIBIT gate that responds to both GST and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as input signals. We show that the optical responses generated by this device indicate the ability to use it as an enzyme inhibitor, and more importantly, the ability to use β-CD as an "antidote" that prevents GST inhibition. The relevance of this system to biomedical applications is demonstrated by using the INHIBIT gate and β-CD to regulate the growth of breast cancer cells, highlighting the possibility of applying supramolecular inputs, commonly used to control the fluorescence of molecular logic gates, as antidotes that reverse the toxic effect of chemotherapy agents. We also show that the effect of β-CD can be prevented by introducing 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (Ad-COOH) as an additional input signal, indicating the potential of obtaining precise, temporal control over enzyme activity and anticancer drug function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Margulies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
DNA-based computational hardware has attracted ever-growing attention due to its potential to be useful in the analysis of complex mixtures of biological markers. Here we report the design of self-assembling logic gates that recognize DNA inputs and assemble into crossover tiles when the output signal is high; the crossover structures disassemble to form separate DNA stands when the output is low. The output signal can be conveniently detected by fluorescence using a molecular beacon probe as a reporter. AND, NOT, and OR logic gates were designed. We demonstrate that the gates can connect to each other to produce other logic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Campbell
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
| | - Evan Peterson
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
| | - Dmitry M Kolpashchikov
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and National Center for Forensic Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA)An invited contribution to a Special Issue on Molecular Logic
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Pangannaya S, Purayil NP, Dabhi S, Mankad V, Jha PK, Shinde S, Trivedi DR. Spectral and DFT studies of anion bound organic receptors: Time dependent studies and logic gate applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:222-238. [PMID: 28326131 PMCID: PMC5331291 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New colorimetric receptors R1 and R2 with varied positional substitution of a cyano and nitro signaling unit having a hydroxy functionality as the hydrogen bond donor site have been designed, synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The receptors R1 and R2 exhibit prominent visual response for F− and AcO– ions allowing the real time analysis of these ions in aqueous media. The formation of the receptor–anion complexes has been supported by UV–vis titration studies and confirmed through binding constant calculations. The anion binding process follows a first order rate equation and the calculated rate constants reveal a higher order of reactivity for AcO− ions. The 1H NMR titration and TDDFT studies provide full support of the binding mechanism. The Hg2+ and F− ion sensing property of receptor R1 has been utilized to arrive at “AND” and “INHIBIT” molecular logic gate applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikala Pangannaya
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, India
| | - Neethu Padinchare Purayil
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, India
| | - Shweta Dabhi
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364001, India
| | - Venu Mankad
- Department of Physics, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar 364001, India
| | - Prafulla K Jha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Satyam Shinde
- School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshak R Trivedi
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, India
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Yousuf S, Alex R, Selvakumar PM, Enoch IVMV, Subramanian PS, Sun Y. Picking Out Logic Operations in a Naphthalene β-Diketone Derivative by Using Molecular Encapsulation, Controlled Protonation, and DNA Binding. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:497-508. [PMID: 26478846 PMCID: PMC4603412 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
On–off switching and molecular logic in fluorescent molecules are associated with what chemical inputs can do to the structure and dynamics of these molecules. Herein, we report the structure of a naphthalene derivative, the fashion of its binding to β-cyclodextrin and DNA, and the operation of logic possible using protons, cyclodextrin, and DNA as chemical inputs. The compound crystallizes out in a keto-amine form, with intramolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O bonding. It shows stepwise formation of 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. The aminopentenone substituents are encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, leaving out the naphthalene rings free. The binding constant of the β-cyclodextrin complex is 512 m−1. The pKa value of the guest molecule is not greatly affected by the complexation. Dual input logic operations, based on various chemical inputs, lead to the possibility of several molecular logic gates, namely NOR, XOR, NAND, and Buffer. Such chemical inputs on the naphthalene derivative are examples of how variable signal outputs based on binding can be derived, which, in turn, are dependent on the size and shape of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Yousuf
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya University Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ritty Alex
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya University Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Israel V M V Enoch
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya University Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palani Sivagnana Subramanian
- Department of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Gujarat, 364021, India
| | - Yu Sun
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kaiserslautern University of Technology 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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