1
|
Kim W, Vela EA, Kohles SS, Huayamave V, Gonzalez O. Validation of a Biomechanical Injury and Disease Assessment Platform Applying an Inertial-Based Biosensor and Axis Vector Computation. Electronics (Basel) 2023; 12:3694. [PMID: 37974898 PMCID: PMC10653259 DOI: 10.3390/electronics12173694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inertial kinetics and kinematics have substantial influences on human biomechanical function. A new algorithm for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based motion tracking is presented in this work. The primary aims of this paper are to combine recent developments in improved biosensor technology with mainstream motion-tracking hardware to measure the overall performance of human movement based on joint axis-angle representations of limb rotation. This work describes an alternative approach to representing three-dimensional rotations using a normalized vector around which an identified joint angle defines the overall rotation, rather than a traditional Euler angle approach. Furthermore, IMUs allow for the direct measurement of joint angular velocities, offering the opportunity to increase the accuracy of instantaneous axis of rotation estimations. Although the axis-angle representation requires vector quotient algebra (quaternions) to define rotation, this approach may be preferred for many graphics, vision, and virtual reality software applications. The analytical method was validated with laboratory data gathered from an infant dummy leg's flexion and extension knee movements and applied to a living subject's upper limb movement. The results showed that the novel approach could reasonably handle a simple case and provide a detailed analysis of axis-angle migration. The described algorithm could play a notable role in the biomechanical analysis of human joints and offers a harbinger of IMU-based biosensors that may detect pathological patterns of joint disease and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangdo Kim
- Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia—UTEC, Lima 15063, Peru
- Research Center in Bioengineering, Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia—UTEC, Lima 15063, Peru
| | - Emir A. Vela
- Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia—UTEC, Lima 15063, Peru
- Research Center in Bioengineering, Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia—UTEC, Lima 15063, Peru
| | - Sean S. Kohles
- Kohles Bioengineering, Cape Meares, OR 97141, USA
- Division of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Human Physiology and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Victor Huayamave
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Oscar Gonzalez
- Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia—UTEC, Lima 15063, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Daoud MI, Alhusseini A, Ali MZ, Alazrai R. A Game-Based Rehabilitation System for Upper-Limb Cerebral Palsy: A Feasibility Study. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E2416. [PMID: 32344557 PMCID: PMC7219503 DOI: 10.3390/s20082416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Game-based rehabilitation systems provide an effective tool to engage cerebral palsy patients in physical exercises within an exciting and entertaining environment. A crucial factor to ensure the effectiveness of game-based rehabilitation systems is to assess the correctness of the movements performed by the patient during the game-playing sessions. In this study, we propose a game-based rehabilitation system for upper-limb cerebral palsy that includes three game-based exercises and a computerized assessment method. The game-based exercises aim to engage the participant in shoulder flexion, shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction, and shoulder adduction physical exercises that target the right arm. Human interaction with the game-based rehabilitation system is achieved using a Kinect sensor that tracks the skeleton joints of the participant. The computerized assessment method aims to assess the correctness of the right arm movements during each game-playing session by analyzing the tracking data acquired by the Kinect sensor. To evaluate the performance of the computerized assessment method, two groups of participants volunteered to participate in the game-based exercises. The first group included six cerebral palsy children and the second group included twenty typically developing subjects. For every participant, the computerized assessment method was employed to assess the correctness of the right arm movements in each game-playing session and these computer-based assessments were compared with matching gold standard evaluations provided by an experienced physiotherapist. The results reported in this study suggest the feasibility of employing the computerized assessment method to evaluate the correctness of the right arm movements during the game-playing sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I. Daoud
- Department of Computer Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alhusseini
- Department of Computer Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Mostafa Z. Ali
- Department of Computer Information Systems, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Rami Alazrai
- Department of Computer Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|