1
|
Michaud TJ, Cline LC, Hobbie EA, Gutknecht JLM, Kennedy PG. Herbarium specimens reveal that mycorrhizal type does not mediate declining temperate tree nitrogen status over a century of environmental change. New Phytol 2024; 242:1717-1724. [PMID: 38073143 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition have contrasting effects on ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses, potentially mediating forest responses to environmental change. In this study, we evaluated the cumulative effects of historical environmental change on N concentrations and δ15N values in AM plants, EM plants, EM fungi, and saprotrophic fungi using herbarium specimens collected in Minnesota, USA from 1871 to 2016. To better understand mycorrhizal mediation of foliar δ15N, we also analyzed a subset of previously published foliar δ15N values from across the United States to parse the effects of N deposition and CO2 rise. Over the last century in Minnesota, N concentrations declined among all groups except saprotrophic fungi. δ15N also declined among all groups of plants and fungi; however, foliar δ15N declined less in EM plants than in AM plants. In the analysis of previously published foliar δ15N values, this slope difference between EM and AM plants was better explained by nitrogen deposition than by CO2 rise. Mycorrhizal type did not explain trajectories of plant N concentrations. Instead, plants and EM fungi exhibited similar declines in N concentrations, consistent with declining forest N status despite moderate levels of N deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talia J Michaud
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Jessica L M Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia M, McCormack ML, Suseela V, Kennedy PG, Tharayil N. Formations of mycorrhizal symbiosis alter the phenolic heteropolymers in roots and leaves of four temperate woody species. New Phytol 2024; 242:1476-1485. [PMID: 38659127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xia
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, 60523, USA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng Y, Davison J, Clarke JT, Zobel M, Gerz M, Moora M, Öpik M, Bueno CG. Environmental modulation of plant mycorrhizal traits in the global flora. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1862-1876. [PMID: 37766496 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses are known to strongly influence plant performance, structure plant communities and shape ecosystem dynamics. Plant mycorrhizal traits, such as those characterising mycorrhizal type (arbuscular (AM), ecto-, ericoid or orchid mycorrhiza) and status (obligately (OM), facultatively (FM) or non-mycorrhizal) offer valuable insight into plant belowground functionality. Here, we compile available plant mycorrhizal trait information and global occurrence data (∼ 100 million records) for 11,770 vascular plant species. Using a plant phylogenetic mega-tree and high-resolution climatic and edaphic data layers, we assess phylogenetic and environmental correlates of plant mycorrhizal traits. We find that plant mycorrhizal type is more phylogenetically conserved than plant mycorrhizal status, while environmental variables (both climatic and edaphic; notably soil texture) explain more variation in mycorrhizal status, especially FM. The previously underestimated role of environmental conditions has far-reaching implications for our understanding of ecosystem functioning under changing climatic and soil conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John T Clarke
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maret Gerz
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Xie Y, Liu Z, Shi L, Liu X, Liang M, Yu S. Plant species identity and mycorrhizal type explain the root-associated fungal pathogen community assembly of seedlings based on functional traits in a subtropical forest. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1251934. [PMID: 37965023 PMCID: PMC10641815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As a crucial factor in determining ecosystem functioning, interaction between plants and soil-borne fungal pathogens deserves considerable attention. However, little attention has been paid into the determinants of root-associated fungal pathogens in subtropical seedlings, especially the influence of different mycorrhizal plants. Methods Using high-throughput sequencing techniques, we analyzed the root-associated fungal pathogen community for 19 subtropical forest species, including 10 ectomycorrhizal plants and 9 arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. We identified the roles of different factors in determining the root-associated fungal pathogen community. Further, we identified the community assembly process at species and mycorrhizal level and managed to reveal the drivers underlying the community assembly. Results We found that plant species identity, plant habitat, and plant mycorrhizal type accounted for the variations in fungal pathogen community composition, with species identity and mycorrhizal type showing dominant effects. The relative importance of different community assembly processes, mainly, homogeneous selection and drift, varied with plant species identity. Interestingly, functional traits associated with acquisitive resource-use strategy tended to promote the relative importance of homogeneous selection, while traits associated with conservative resource-use strategy showed converse effect. Drift showed the opposite relationships with functional traits compared with homogeneous selection. Notably, the relative importance of different community assembly processes was not structured by plant phylogeny. Drift was stronger in the pathogen community for ectomycorrhizal plants with more conservative traits, suggesting the predominant role of stochastic gain and loss in the community assembly. Discussion Our work demonstrates the determinants of root-associated fungal pathogens, addressing the important roles of plant species identity and plant mycorrhizal type. Furthermore, we explored the community assembly mechanisms of root-associated pathogens and stressed the determinant roles of functional traits, especially leaf phosphorus content (LP), root nitrogen content (RN) and root tissue density (RTD), at species and mycorrhizal type levels, offering new perspectives on the microbial dynamics underlying ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shixiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Defrenne CE, Moore JAM, Tucker CL, Lamit LJ, Kane ES, Kolka RK, Chimner RA, Keller JK, Lilleskov EA. Peat loss collocates with a threshold in plant-mycorrhizal associations in drained peatlands encroached by trees. New Phytol 2023; 240:412-425. [PMID: 37148190 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drainage-induced encroachment by trees may have major effects on the carbon balance of northern peatlands, and responses of microbial communities are likely to play a central mechanistic role. We profiled the soil fungal community and estimated its genetic potential for the decay of lignin and phenolics (class II peroxidase potential) along peatland drainage gradients stretching from interior locations (undrained, open) to ditched locations (drained, forested). Mycorrhizal fungi dominated the community across the gradients. When moving towards ditches, the dominant type of mycorrhizal association abruptly shifted from ericoid mycorrhiza to ectomycorrhiza at c. 120 m from the ditches. This distance corresponded with increased peat loss, from which more than half may be attributed to oxidation. The ectomycorrhizal genus Cortinarius dominated at the drained end of the gradients and its relatively higher genetic potential to produce class II peroxidases (together with Mycena) was positively associated with peat humification and negatively with carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Our study is consistent with a plant-soil feedback mechanism, driven by a shift in the mycorrhizal type of vegetation, that potentially mediates changes in aerobic decomposition during postdrainage succession. Such feedback may have long-term legacy effects upon postdrainage restoration efforts and implication for tree encroachment onto carbon-rich soils globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A M Moore
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Colin L Tucker
- USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Louis J Lamit
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Evan S Kane
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
- USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Randall K Kolka
- U.S. Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA
| | | | - Jason K Keller
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Erik A Lilleskov
- USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun L, Tsujii Y, Xu T, Han M, Li R, Han Y, Gan D, Zhu B. Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects. Ecology 2023; 104:e3981. [PMID: 36695044 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tree roots not only acquire readily-usable soil nutrients but also affect microbial decomposition and manipulate nutrient availability in their surrounding soils, that is, rhizosphere effects (REs). Thus, REs challenge the basic understanding of how plants adapt to the environment and co-exist with other species. Yet, how REs vary among species in response to species-specific bulk soil nutrient cycling is not well-known. Here, we studied how plant-controlled microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils respond to those in their corresponding bulk soils and whether these relations depend on species-specific nutrient cycling in the bulk soils. We targeted 55 woody species of different clades and mycorrhizal types in three contrasting biomes, namely a temperate forest, a subtropical forest, and a tropical forest. We found that microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils responded linearly to those in their corresponding bulk soils at the species level. Thereafter, we found that REs (parameters in rhizosphere soils minus those in corresponding bulk soils) of microbial decomposition activities had negative linear correlations with microbial decomposition activities in corresponding bulk soils. A multiple factor analysis revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil water content favored bulk soil decomposition activities in all three biomes, showing that the magnitude of REs varied along a fast-slow nutrient cycling spectrum in bulk soils. The species of fast nutrient cycling in their bulk soils tended to have smaller or even negative REs. Therefore, woody plants commonly utilize both positive and negative REs as a nutrient-acquisition strategy. Based on the trade-offs between REs and other nutrient-acquisition strategies, we proposed a push and pull conceptual model which can bring plant nutrient-acquisition cost and plant carbon economics spectrum together in the future. This model will facilitate not only the carbon and nutrient cycling but also the mechanisms of species co-existence in forest ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuki Tsujii
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tianle Xu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengguang Han
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Gan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ju W, Huang ZQ, Fu YR, Wang T, Wang ZY, Yu ZP. [Relationships between tree functional traits and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies in subtropical young plantations]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:3229-3236. [PMID: 36601826 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between tree functional traits and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies across 29 species in 3-year-old pure plantations in subtropical China. The results showed that the average nitrogen (NRE) and phosphorus (PRE) resorption efficiencies in 29 young plantations were 50.5% and 57.3%, respectively. The average NRE of 22 arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species was 52.7%, significantly higher than that of the seven ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species (45.1%). NRE was positively correlated with fine root tissue density across the 29 tree species. PRE was positively correlated with root diameter in the seven EM tree species. Functional traits of 22 AM tree species were not associated with NRE and PRE. Among all of the 29 tree species, mycorrhizal type, specific leaf area, fine root tissue density, leaf thickness, and the interaction effects of mycorrhizal type with leaf thickness explained 27% variation in NRE. Specific root length, fine root carbon content, fine root carbon to nitrogen ratio, mycorrhizal type, leaf carbon content, and the interaction effects of mycorrhizal type with leaf carbon content explained 35% variation in PRE. Root functional trait of subtropical species could predict nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies. The model with multiple functional traits could better reveal the relative importance of different biological factors on nutrient resorption efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhi-Qun Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yan-Rong Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zai-Peng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guy P, Sibly R, Smart SM, Tibbett M, Pickles BJ. Mycorrhizal type of woody plants influences understory species richness in British broadleaved woodlands. New Phytol 2022; 235:2046-2053. [PMID: 35622460 PMCID: PMC9543792 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mature temperate woodlands are commonly dominated by ectomycorrhizal trees, whereas understory plants predominantly form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Due to differences in plant-fungus compatibility between canopy and ground layer vegetation the 'mycorrhizal mediation hypothesis' predicts that herbaceous plant establishment may be limited by a lack of suitable mycorrhizal fungal inoculum. We examined plant species data for 103 woodlands across Great Britain recorded in 1971 and in 2000 to test whether herbaceous plant species richness was related to the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal woody plants. We compared the effect of mycorrhizal type with other important drivers of woodland plant species richness. We found a positive effect of the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal woody plants on herbaceous plant species richness. The size of the observed effect was smaller than that of pH. Moreover, the effect persisted over time, despite many woodlands undergoing marked successional change and increased understorey shading. This work supports the mycorrhizal mediation hypothesis in British woodlands and suggests that increased abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal woody plants is associated with greater understory plant species richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Guy
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Health and Life Sciences BuildingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6EXUK
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6BZUK
| | - Richard Sibly
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Health and Life Sciences BuildingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6EXUK
| | - Simon M. Smart
- UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLibrary Avenue, BailriggLancasterLA1 4APUK
| | - Mark Tibbett
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6BZUK
| | - Brian J. Pickles
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Reading, Health and Life Sciences BuildingWhiteknightsReadingRG6 6EXUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang M, Shi Z, Zhang S, Gao J. A Database on Mycorrhizal Traits of Chinese Medicinal Plants. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:840343. [PMID: 35300014 PMCID: PMC8921535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mycorrhizal traits of plants have been widely reported based on different scales or plant functional groups. To better utilize mycorrhizae to improve the cultivation yield and active ingredient accumulation of medicinal plants, a database of medicinal plant mycorrhizal characteristics is needed. A database on mycorrhizal traits including mycorrhizal type or status of Chinese medicinal plant species was assembled. In this study, the mycorrhizal type or status of a total of 3,230 medicinal plants was presented. Among them, the mycorrhizal traits of 1,321 species were ascertained. These medicinal plants had three mycorrhizal statuses, both single mycorrhiza (SM) and multi-mycorrhiza (MM) contained four mycorrhizal types. The majority of medicinal plants were obligatorily symbiotic with mycorrhizal fungi with 926 (70.10%) species. The most widespread mycorrhizal type is AM, which is associated with 842 medicinal plant species (90.93% of mycorrhiza has an obligatorily symbiotic relationship with Chinese medicinal plants). Another broadly studied mycorrhizal type is ECM, which is associated with 15 medicinal plant species. This study is the first exclusive database on mycorrhizal traits of medicinal plants, which provides both mycorrhizal type and status. This database provides valuable resources for identifying the mycorrhizal information of medicinal plants and enriching the theory of mycorrhizal traits, which will greatly benefit the production or management of medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiakai Gao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Rural Human Settlement, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hirano Y, Kitayama K, Imai N. Interspecific differences in the responses of root phosphatase activities and morphology to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Bornean tropical rain forests. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8669. [PMID: 35309744 PMCID: PMC8901874 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil organic phosphorus (P) compounds can be the main P source for plants in P-limited tropical rainforests. Phosphorus occurs in diverse chemical forms, including monoester P, diester P, and phytate, which require enzymatic hydrolysis by phosphatase into inorganic P before assimilation by plants. The interactions between plant interspecific differences in organic P acquisition strategies via phosphatase activities with root morphological traits would lead to P resource partitioning, but they have not been rigorously evaluated. We measured the activities of three classes of phosphatases (phosphomonoesterase, PME; phosphodiesterase, PDE; and phytase, PhT), specific root length (SRL), root diameter, and root tissue density in mature tree species with different mycorrhizal associations (ectomycorrhizal [ECM] or arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM]) and different successional status (climax or pioneer species) in Sabah, Malaysia. We studied nitrogen (N)- and P-fertilized plots to evaluate the acquisition strategies for organic P under P-limited conditions 7 years after fertilization was initiated. P fertilization reduced the PME activity in all studied species and reduced PhT and PDE activities more in climax species than in the two pioneer species, irrespective of the mycorrhizal type. PDE activity increased in some climax species after N fertilization, suggesting that these species allocate excess N to the synthesis of PDE. Moreover, PME and PhT activities, but not PDE activity, correlated positively with SRL. We suggest that climax species tend to be more strongly dependent on recalcitrant organic P (i.e., phytate and/or diester P) than pioneer species, regardless of the mycorrhizal type. We also suggest that trees in which root PME or PhT activity is enhanced can increase their SRL to acquire P efficiently. Resource partitioning of soil organic P would occur among species through differences in their phosphatase activities, which plays potentially ecologically important role in reducing the competition among coexisting tree species in lowland tropical rainforests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hirano
- Department of Forest ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureSetagayaJapan
| | | | - Nobuo Imai
- Department of Forest ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureSetagayaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clemmensen KE, Durling MB, Michelsen A, Hallin S, Finlay RD, Lindahl BD. A tipping point in carbon storage when forest expands into tundra is related to mycorrhizal recycling of nitrogen. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1193-1204. [PMID: 33754469 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tundra ecosystems are global belowground sinks for atmospheric CO2 . Ongoing warming-induced encroachment by shrubs and trees risks turning this sink into a CO2 source, resulting in a positive feedback on climate warming. To advance mechanistic understanding of how shifts in mycorrhizal types affect long-term carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, we studied small-scale soil depth profiles of fungal communities and C-N dynamics across a subarctic-alpine forest-heath vegetation gradient. Belowground organic stocks decreased abruptly at the transition from heath to forest, linked to the presence of certain tree-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute to decomposition when mining N from organic matter. In contrast, ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi were associated with organic matter accumulation and slow decomposition. If climatic controls on arctic-alpine forest lines are relaxed, increased decomposition will likely outbalance increased plant productivity, decreasing the overall C sink capacity of displaced tundra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Engelbrecht Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Roger D Finlay
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheeke TE, Phillips RP, Kuhn A, Rosling A, Fransson P. Variation in hyphal production rather than turnover regulates standing fungal biomass in temperate hardwood forests. Ecology 2021; 102:e03260. [PMID: 33226630 PMCID: PMC7988550 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil fungi link above- and belowground carbon (C) fluxes through their interactions with plants and contribute to C and nutrient dynamics through the production, turnover, and activity of fungal hyphae. Despite their importance to ecosystem processes, estimates of hyphal production and turnover rates are relatively uncommon, especially in temperate hardwood forests. We sequentially harvested hyphal ingrowth bags to quantify the rates of Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) hyphal production and turnover in three hardwood forests in the Midwestern United States, where plots differed in their abundance of arbuscular (AM)- vs. ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated trees. Hyphal production rates increased linearly with the percentage of ECM trees and annual production rates were 66% higher in ECM- than AM-dominated plots. Hyphal turnover rates did not differ across the mycorrhizal gradient (plots varying in their abundance of AM vs. ECM trees), suggesting that the greater fungal biomass in ECM-dominated plots relates to greater fungal production rather than slower fungal turnover. Differences in hyphal production across the gradient aligned with distinctly different fungal communities and activities. As ECM trees increased in dominance, fungi inside ingrowth bags produced more extracellular enzymes involved in degrading nitrogen (N)-bearing relative to C-bearing compounds, suggesting greater fungal (and possibly plant) N demand in ECM-dominated soils. Collectively, our results demonstrate that shifts in temperate tree species composition that result in changes in the dominant type of mycorrhizal association may have strong impacts on Dikarya hyphal production, fungal community composition and extracellular enzyme activity, with important consequences for soil C and N cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E. Cheeke
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State University2710 Crimson WayRichlandWashington99354USA
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Richard P. Phillips
- Department of BiologyIndiana University1001 E Third StreetBloomingtonIndiana47405USA
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Irvine321 Steinhaus HallIrvineCalifornia92697USA
| | - Anna Rosling
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology programUppsala UniversityUppsala752 36Sweden
| | - Petra Fransson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologyUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin F, Yu S. Compatible Mycorrhizal Types Contribute to a Better Design for Mixed Eucalyptus Plantations. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:616726. [PMID: 33643349 PMCID: PMC7907608 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.616726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-species forest plantation is a sound option to facilitate ecological restoration, plant diversity and ecosystem functions. Compatible species combinations are conducive to reconstruct plant communities that can persist at a low cost without further management and even develop into natural forest communities. However, our understanding of how the compatibility of mycorrhizal types mediates species coexistence is still limited, especially in a novel agroforestry system. Here, we assessed the effects of mycorrhizal association type on the survival and growth of native woody species in mixed-species Eucalyptus plantations. To uncover how mycorrhizal type regulates plant-soil feedbacks, we first conducted a pot experiments by treating distinct mycorrhizal plants with soil microbes from their own or other mycorrhizal types. We then compared the growth response of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants and ectomycorrhizal plants to different soil microbial compositions associated with Eucalyptus plants. We found that the type of mycorrhizal association had a significant impact on the survival and growth of native tree species in the Eucalyptus plantations. The strength and direction of the plant-soil feedbacks of focal tree species depended on mycorrhizal type. Non-mycorrhizal plants had consistent negative feedbacks with the highest survival in the Eucalyptus plantations, whereas nitrogen-fixing plants had consistent positive feedbacks and the lowest survival. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants performed varied feedback responses to soil microbes from distinct mycorrhizal plant species. Non-mycorrhizal plants grew better with Eucalyptus soil microbes while nitrogen-fixing plants grew worse with their own conspecific soil microbes. Different soil microbial compositions of Eucalyptus consistently increased the aboveground growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, but the non-mycorrhizal microbial composition of the Eucalyptus soil resulted in greater belowground growth of ectomycorrhizal plants. Overall, Eucalyptus plants induced an unfavorable soil community, impeding coexistence with other mycorrhizal plants. Our study provides consistent observational and experimental evidence that mycorrhizal-mediated plant-microbial feedback on species coexistence among woody species. These findings are with important implications to optimize the species combinations for better design of mixed forest plantations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jia LQ, Chen GS, Zhang LH, Chen TT, Jiang Q, Chen YH, Fan AL, Wang X. Plastic responses of fine root morphology and architecture traits to nitrogen addition in ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species in an evergreen broadleaved forest. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:529-537. [PMID: 33650362 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202102.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We measured the morphology traits (specific root length, specific root surface area, root tissue density, average root diameter) and architecture traits (root fork, root fork ratio, increase rate of root length, root tip density, root fork density) of fine roots in two mycorrhiza tree species, Castanopsis faberi (ectomycorrhizal) and Schima superba (arbuscular mycorrhizal), in an evergreen broadleaved forest in the middle subtropical zone. Root bags method was used in an in situ nitrogen deposition experiment. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences in the plastic responses of fine root morphology and architecture traits to nitrogen deposition between the different mycorrhizal trees. The plastic responses of specific root length, specific root surface area and root fork to nitrogen addition decreased from the first-order root to the fourth-order root, while root tissue density showed an opposite pattern. Such a result indicated a trade-off between nutrient acquisition and resource maintenance of different fine root orders. Different mycorrhizal tree species adopted diffe-rent adaptation strategies to the variations of soil nitrogen availability. C. faberi adopted an opportuni-stic strategy, which relied on fine root to improve nutrient absorption efficiency, enhanced the capacity of space expansion and in-situ nutrient absorption to focus on rapid nutrient absorption strategy. S. superba did not change fine root morphological traits through the trade-off between nutrient absorption efficiency and root construction cost, but relied more on the complementarity between mycorrhizal fungi and fine root architecture traits for nutrient acquisition. The differences in the cost of maintaining and constructing fine root C between different mycorrhizal trees led to fine root adopting the most suitable nutrient capture strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qiao Jia
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Guang-Shui Chen
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yu-Hui Chen
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ai-Lian Fan
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University/Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu XY, Hu YK. [C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves and fine roots in typical forest swamps of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:3385-3394. [PMID: 33314828 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202010.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Investigating ecological stoichiometry of leaves and fine roots of forest swamps in the Greater Hinggan Mountains will improve our understanding of plant nutrient use and material cycling in ecosystems at high latitudes with high sensitivity to climate change. In this study, we collected leaf and fine root samples from 19 dominant and subordinate vascular plant species and measured their C, N and P concentrations in three typical forest swamps (Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii, L. gmelinii-Vaccinium uliginosum-moss and L. gmelinii-Ledum palustre-Sphagnum) of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, China. We compared C:N:P stoichiometry in leaves and fine roots among different forest swamp types, plant growth forms, and mycorrhizal types. Standardized major axis regression was performed to examine the relationships between leaf and fine root stoichiometry. The results showed that interspecific variation accounted for the largest proportion of total variation in C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves (42.5%-84.6%). N:P had the highest, C:N had the intermediate, and C:P had the lowest interspecific variation in both leaves and fine roots. L. gmelinii-C. schmidtii forest swamps, which had higher soil nutrient and water availability, had lower C:N and C:P in leaves and fine roots. N:P of all three forest swamps were lower than 10, indicating N limitation in this ecosystem. Herbaceous plants had significantly lower leaf C:P, fine root C:N, and fine root C:P than woody species. Both ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal plants had higher leaf and fine root C:N and C:P than arbuscular mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species, while the C:P of ericoid mycorrhizal plants was significantly higher than that of ectomycorrhizal species. Forest swamp type, plant growth form, and mycorrhizal type all had greater influences on leaf and fine root C:N and C:P rather than N:P. Leaf and fine root C:N, C:P, and N:P were positively correlated, indicating strong coordination between plant above- and below-ground C:N:P stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ser-vices and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu-Kun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ser-vices and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bahram M, Netherway T, Hildebrand F, Pritsch K, Drenkhan R, Loit K, Anslan S, Bork P, Tedersoo L. Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies drive topsoil microbiome structure and function. New Phytol 2020; 227:1189-1199. [PMID: 32279325 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies drive soil processes and vegetation performance, but their effect on the soil microbiome remains poorly understood. This knowledge is important to predict the shifts in microbial diversity and functions due to increasing changes in vegetation traits under global change. Here we documented the topsoil microbiomes of 145 boreal and temperate terrestrial sites in the Baltic region that broadly differed in vegetation type and nutritional traits, such as mycorrhizal types and symbiotic nitrogen-fixation. We found that sites dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) vegetation harbor relatively more AM fungi, bacteria, fungal saprotrophs, and pathogens in the topsoil compared with sites dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants. These differences in microbiome composition reflect the rapid nutrient cycling and negative plant-soil feedback in AM soils. Lower fungal diversity and bacteria : fungi ratios in EM-dominated habitats are driven by monodominance of woody vegetation as well as soil acidification by EM fungi, which are associated with greater diversity and relative abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Our study suggests that shifts in vegetation related to global change and land use may strongly alter the topsoil microbiome structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi, 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaire Loit
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi, 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soudzilovskaia NA, Vaessen S, Barcelo M, He J, Rahimlou S, Abarenkov K, Brundrett MC, Gomes SIF, Merckx V, Tedersoo L. FungalRoot: global online database of plant mycorrhizal associations. New Phytol 2020; 227:955-966. [PMID: 32239516 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Testing of ecological, biogeographical and phylogenetic hypotheses of mycorrhizal traits requires a comprehensive reference dataset about plant mycorrhizal associations. Here we present a database, FungalRoot, which summarizes publicly available data about vascular plant mycorrhizal type and intensity of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, accompanied with rich metadata. We compiled and digitized data about plant mycorrhizal colonization in nine widespread languages. The present version of the FungalRoot database contains 36 303 species-by-site observations for 14 870 plant species, tripling the previously available compiled information about plant mycorrhizal associations. Based on these data, we provide a recommended list of genus-level plant mycorrhizal associations, based on the majority of data for species and careful analysis of conflicting data. The majority of ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal plants are trees (92%) and shrubs (85%), respectively. The majority of arbuscular and nonmycorrhizal plant species are herbaceous (50% and 70%, respectively). Our publicly available database is a powerful resource for mycorrhizal scientists and ecologists. It features possibilities for dynamic updating and addition of data about plant mycorrhizal associations. The new database will promote research on plant and fungal biogeography and evolution, and on links between above- and belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn Vaessen
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milagros Barcelo
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jinhong He
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mark C Brundrett
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sofia I F Gomes
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Merckx
- Understanding Evolution Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2332 AA, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mercy L, Lucic-Mercy E, Nogales A, Poghosyan A, Schneider C, Arnholdt-Schmitt B. A Functional Approach towards Understanding the Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in an Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:417. [PMID: 28424712 PMCID: PMC5371606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are crucial components of fertile soils, able to provide several ecosystem services for crop production. Current economic, social and legislative contexts should drive the so-called "second green revolution" by better exploiting these beneficial microorganisms. Many challenges still need to be overcome to better understand the mycorrhizal symbiosis, among which (i) the biotrophic nature of AMF, constraining their production, while (ii) phosphate acts as a limiting factor for the optimal mycorrhizal inoculum application and effectiveness. Organism fitness and adaptation to the changing environment can be driven by the modulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain, strongly connected to the phosphorus processing. Nevertheless, the role of the respiratory function in mycorrhiza remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that the two mitochondrial respiratory chain components, alternative oxidase (AOX) and cytochrome oxidase (COX), are involved in specific mycorrhizal behavior. For this, a complex approach was developed. At the pre-symbiotic phase (axenic conditions), we studied phenotypic responses of Rhizoglomus irregulare spores with two AOX and COX inhibitors [respectively, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and potassium cyanide (KCN)] and two growth regulators (abscisic acid - ABA and gibberellic acid - Ga3). At the symbiotic phase, we analyzed phenotypic and transcriptomic (genes involved in respiration, transport, and fermentation) responses in Solanum tuberosum/Rhizoglomus irregulare biosystem (glasshouse conditions): we monitored the effects driven by ABA, and explored the modulations induced by SHAM and KCN under five phosphorus concentrations. KCN and SHAM inhibited in vitro spore germination while ABA and Ga3 induced differential spore germination and hyphal patterns. ABA promoted mycorrhizal colonization, strong arbuscule intensity and positive mycorrhizal growth dependency (MGD). In ABA treated plants, R. irregulare induced down-regulation of StAOX gene isoforms and up-regulation of genes involved in plant COX pathway. In all phosphorus (P) concentrations, blocking AOX or COX induced opposite mycorrhizal patterns in planta: KCN induced higher Arum-type arbuscule density, positive MGD but lower root colonization compared to SHAM, which favored Paris-type formation and negative MGD. Following our results and current state-of-the-art knowledge, we discuss metabolic functions linked to respiration that may occur within mycorrhizal behavior. We highlight potential connections between AOX pathways and fermentation, and we propose new research and mycorrhizal application perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt
- Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity (FunCrop), EU Marie Curie Chair, ICAAM, University of ÉvoraÉvora, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
- Science and Technology Park Alentejo (PCTA)Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin G, McCormack ML, Ma C, Guo D. Similar below-ground carbon cycling dynamics but contrasting modes of nitrogen cycling between arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal forests. New Phytol 2017; 213:1440-1451. [PMID: 27678253 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Compared with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) forests, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests are hypothesized to have higher carbon (C) cycling rates and a more open nitrogen (N) cycle. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized 645 observations, including 22 variables related to below-ground C and N dynamics from 100 sites, where AM and ECM forests co-occurred at the same site. Leaf litter quality was lower in ECM than in AM trees, leading to greater forest floor C stocks in ECM forests. By contrast, AM forests had significantly higher mineral soil C concentrations, and this result was strongly mediated by plant traits and climate. No significant differences were found between AM and ECM forests in C fluxes and labile C concentrations. Furthermore, inorganic N concentrations, net N mineralization and nitrification rates were all higher in AM than in ECM forests, indicating 'mineral' N economy in AM but 'organic' N economy in ECM trees. AM and ECM forests show systematic differences in mineral vs organic N cycling, and thus mycorrhizal type may be useful in predicting how different tree species respond to multiple environmental change factors. By contrast, mycorrhizal type alone cannot reliably predict below-ground C dynamics without considering plant traits and climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guigang Lin
- Center of Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center of Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengen Ma
- Center of Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dali Guo
- Center of Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|