1
|
Deiss-Yehiely E, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Berger AG, Ribbeck K, Hammond PT. pH-Responsive, Charge-Reversing Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticle Surfaces Enhance Biofilm Penetration and Eradication. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4794-4804. [PMID: 37390118 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbes entrenched within biofilms can withstand 1000-fold higher concentrations of antibiotics, in part due to the viscous extracellular matrix that sequesters and attenuates antimicrobial activity. Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics can aid in delivering higher local concentrations throughout biofilms as compared to free drugs alone, thereby enhancing the efficacy. Canonical design criteria dictate that positively charged nanoparticles can multivalently bind to anionic biofilm components and increase biofilm penetration. However, cationic particles are toxic and are rapidly cleared from circulation in vivo, limiting their use. Therefore, we sought to design pH-responsive NPs that change their surface charge from negative to positive in response to the reduced biofilm pH microenvironment. We synthesized a family of pH-dependent, hydrolyzable polymers and employed the layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic assembly method to fabricate biocompatible NPs with these polymers as the outermost surface. The NP charge conversion rate, dictated by polymer hydrophilicity and the side-chain structure, ranged from hours to undetectable within the experimental timeframe. LbL NPs with an increasingly fast charge conversion rate more effectively penetrated through, and accumulated throughout, wildtype (PAO1) and mutant overexpressing biomass (ΔwspF) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Finally, tobramycin, an antibiotic known to be trapped by anionic biofilm components, was loaded into the final layer of the LbL NP. There was a 3.2-fold reduction in ΔwspF colony forming units for the fastest charge-converting NP as compared to both the slowest charge converter and free tobramycin. These studies provide a framework for the design of biofilm-penetrating NPs that respond to matrix interactions, ultimately increasing the efficacious delivery of antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Deiss-Yehiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 182 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street Bld. 76, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gerardo Cárcamo-Oyarce
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames St. #56-651, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam G Berger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street Bld. 76, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, NE47-4F, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames St. #56-651, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street Bld. 76, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, NE47-4F, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|