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Griffith AS, Zhang TD, Burkert SC, Adiguzel Z, Acilan C, Star A, Saunders WS. Characterizing the Cellular Response to Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocups. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9060887. [PMID: 31208132 PMCID: PMC6631063 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many potential applications in biology and medicine. Currently, this material has not reached its full potential for application due to the potential toxicity to mammalian cells, and the incomplete understanding of how CNTs interface with cells. The chemical composition and structural features of CNTs have been shown to directly affect their biological compatibility. The incorporation of nitrogen dopants to the graphitic lattice of CNTs results in a unique cup shaped morphology and minimal cytotoxicity in comparison to its undoped counterpart. In this study, we investigate how uniquely shaped nitrogen-doped carbon nanocups (NCNCs) interface with HeLa cells, a cervical cancer epithelial cultured cell line, and RPE-1 cells, an immortalized cultured epithelial cell line. We determined that NCNCs do not elicit a cytotoxic response in cells, and that they are uptaken via endocytosis. We have conjugated fluorescently tagged antibodies to NCNCs and shown that the protein-conjugated material is also capable of entering cells. This primes NCNCs to be a good candidate for subsequent protein modifications and applications in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber S Griffith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Thomas D Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Seth C Burkert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Zelal Adiguzel
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Acilan
- School of Medicine, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Turkey.
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - William S Saunders
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Carney DJ, Svavarsson HG, Hemmati H, Fannin A, Yoon JW, Magnusson R. Refractometric Sensing with Periodic Nano-Indented Arrays: Effect of Structural Dimensions. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E897. [PMID: 30795520 DOI: 10.3390/s19040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication and sensor application of a simple plasmonic structure is described in this paper. The sensor element consists of nano-patterned gold film brought about from two-dimensional periodic photoresist templates created by holographic laser interference lithography. Reflectance spectroscopy revealed that the sensor exhibits significant refractive index sensitivity. A linear relationship between shifts in plasmonic resonances and changes in the refractive index were demonstrated. The sensor has a bulk sensitivity (SB) of 880 nm/refractive index unit and work under normal incidence conditions. This sensitivity exceeded that of many common types of plasmonic sensors with more intricate structures. A modeled spectral response was used to study the effect of its geometrical dimensions on plasmonic behavior. A qualitative agreement between the experimental spectra and modeled ones was obtained.
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Gao A, Xu W, Ponce de León Y, Bai Y, Gong M, Xie K, Park BH, Yin Y. Controllable Fabrication of Au Nanocups by Confined-Space Thermal Dewetting for OCT Imaging. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 28466959 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, this study reports a novel confined-space thermal dewetting strategy for the fabrication of Au nanocups with tunable diameter, height, and size of cup opening. The nanocup morphology is defined by the cup-shaped void space created by a yolk-shell silica template that spontaneously takes an eccentric configuration during annealing. Thermal dewetting of Au, which is sandwiched between the yolk and shell, leads to the desired nanocup morphology. With strong scattering in near infrared, the Au nanocups exhibit superior efficiency as contrast agents for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging. This confined-space thermal dewetting strategy is scalable and general, and can be potentially extended to the synthesis of novel anisotropic nanostructures of various compositions that are difficult to produce by conventional wet chemical or physical methods, thus opening up opportunities for many new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Yaocai Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mingfu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kongliang Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Boris Hyle Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Pedireddy S, Lee HK, Koh CSL, Tan JMR, Tjiu WW, Ling XY. Nanoporous Gold Bowls: A Kinetic Approach to Control Open Shell Structures and Size-Tunable Lattice Strain for Electrocatalytic Applications. Small 2016; 12:4531-4540. [PMID: 27389580 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlling sub-10 nm ligament sizes and open-shell structure in nanoporous gold (NPG) to achieve strained lattice is critical in enhancing catalytic activity, but it remains a challenge due to poor control of reaction kinetics in conventional dealloying approach. Herein, a ligament size-controlled synthesis of open-shell NPG bowls (NPGB) through hetero-epitaxial growth of NPGB on AgCl is reported. The ligament size in NPGB is controlled from 6 to 46 nm by varying the hydroquinone to HAuCl4 ratio. The Williamson-Hall analysis demonstrates a higher lattice strain in smaller ligament size. In particular, NPGB with 6 nm (NPGB 6) ligament size possess the highest strain of 15.4 × 10(-3) , which is nearly twice of conventional 2D NPG sheets (≈8.8 × 10(-3) ). The presence of high surface energy facets in NPGBs is also envisaged. The best electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation is observed in NPGB 6 (27.8 μA μg(-1) ), which is ≈9-fold and 3-fold higher than 8 nm solid Au nanoparticles, and conventional NPG sheets. The excellent catalytic activity in NPGB 6 is attributed to the open-shell structure, lattice strain, and higher electro-active surface area, allowing efficient exposure of catalytic active sites to facilitate the methanol oxidation. The results offer a potential strategy for designing next generation electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Pedireddy
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Joel Ming Rui Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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