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El-Shabasy RM, Farag MA. Dissecting dietary alkylresorcinols: a compile of their distribution, biosynthesis, extraction and functional properties. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:581-617. [PMID: 37156550 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2193860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are natural bioactive ingredients produced by: bacteria, fungi, sponges, and higher plants, possessing a lipophilic polyphenol structure with a myriad of biological properties. Focusing on the importance of ARs, several analogs can be extracted from different natural resources. Interestingly, the composition of ARs is usually reflective of their source, with structural differences to exist among ARs isolated from different natural sources. The identified compounds from marine are distinguished by sulfur atom and disulfide bond, while the alkyl chain of bacterial homologs are recognized for their saturated fatty acid chains. ARs occurrence in fungi is still poorly documented however most of the isolated fungal molecules are characterized by a sugar unit attached to their alkylated side chains. The biosynthetic pathway of ARs is postulated via a type III polyketide synthase in which the fatty-acyl chain is elongated and cyclized to generate ARs. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) has gained an increasing interest to mediate for ARs biological activities as discussed herein for the first time from their different resources. ARs extraction procedures showed much progress compared to classical methods compiling organic solvents with supercritical extraction appearing as a potential technique for producing highly purified food-grade of AR homologs. The current review also presents on the rapid qualitative and quantitative determination of ARs to increase accessibility for screening cereals as potential sources of these bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan M El-Shabasy
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Youssef DTA, Shaala LA. Psammaplysins: Insights from Natural Sources, Structural Variations, and Pharmacological Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:663. [PMID: 36354986 PMCID: PMC9693029 DOI: 10.3390/md20110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products (MNPs) continue to be in the spotlight in the global drug discovery endeavor. Currently, more than 32,000 structurally diverse secondary metabolites from marine sources have been isolated, making MNPs a vital source for researchers to look for novel drug candidates. The marine-derived psammaplysins possess the rare and unique 1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro [4.6] undecane backbone and are represented by 44 compounds in the literature, mostly from sponges of the order Verongiida. Compounds with 1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro [4.6] undecane moiety exist in the literature under five names, including psammaplysins, ceratinamides, frondoplysins, ceratinadins, and psammaceratins. These compounds displayed significant biological properties including growth inhibitory, antimalarial, antifouling, protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antioxidant effects. In this review, a comprehensive literature survey covering natural occurrence of the psammaplysins and related compounds, methods of isolation, structural differences, the biogenesis, and biological/pharmacological properties, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa T. A. Youssef
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamiaa A. Shaala
- Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Suez Canal University Hospital, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Mandal B, Karmakar I, Brahmachari G. An Updated Review on Biologically Promising Natural Oxepines. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200484. [PMID: 36039468 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Benzo-oxepines and dibenzo-oxepines, a unique class of naturally occurring secondary metabolites, are distributed mainly in plants and fungi and have received much attention from phytochemists and biologists based on their fascinating structural features and health-promoting functions. This review summarizes 100 oxepine derivatives comprising three categories: benzo-oxepine, dibenzo-oxepine, and pyrano-oxepine. Studies on various structural features and pharmacological activities of oxepine derivatives promote further in-depth research on these potent natural products. This review portrays the natural occurrence, bioactivity and biosynthesis of oxepines reported from 1984 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Mandal
- Visva-Bharati University: Visva-Bharati, Chemistry, Siksha-Bhavana, Santiniketan, West Bnegal, 731235, Santiniketan, INDIA
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- Visva-Bharati University: Visva-Bharati, Chemistry, Siksha-Bhavana, 731235, Santiniketan, INDIA
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Visva-Bharati University: Visva-Bharati, Chemistry, Siksha Bhavana Street, 731 235, Santiniketan, INDIA
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Yang M, Wu C, Zhang T, Shi L, Li J, Liang H, Lv X, Jing F, Qin L, Zhao T, Wang C, Liu G, Feng S, Li F. Chicoric Acid: Natural Occurrence, Chemical Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Their Bioactive Effects. Front Chem 2022; 10:888673. [PMID: 35815211 PMCID: PMC9262330 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.888673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicoric acid has been widely used in food, medicine, animal husbandry, and other commercial products because of its significant pharmacological activities. However, the shortage of chicoric acid limits its further development and utilization. Currently, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench serves as the primary natural resource of chicoric acid, while other sources of it are poorly known. Extracting chicoric acid from plants is the most common approach. Meanwhile, chicoric acid levels vary in different plants as well as in the same plant from different areas and different medicinal parts, and different extraction methods. We comprehensively reviewed the information regarding the sources of chicoric acid from plant extracts, its chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and bioactive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai, China
| | - Tianxi Zhang
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbao Liang
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Xuzhen Lv
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fengtang Jing
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianlun Zhao
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Teaching and Research Office of Chinese Medicines authentication, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Jung Y, Choi S, Oh KS, Sun N. Exposure assessment of benzoic acid from processed foods in South Korea. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:14-23. [PMID: 34781828 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1999506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the dietary exposure to benzoic acid of Korean consumers, the daily intake of benzoic acid was estimated using benzoic acid concentrations from processed food survey data in South Korea and food consumption data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2018. The results were compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) stipulated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. In addition, we estimated the effects and risk of benzoic acid intake, which may be increased by including amounts of naturally occurring benzoic acid recently established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Benzoic acid analyses were conducted in South Korea in 2020 for a total of 127,628 samples; it was detected in 1,803 samples, a detection rate of 1.4%. The mean contents of total samples and detected samples were 1.3 mg/kg and 89.4 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of benzoic acid for average consumers using a mean value of detected samples was 207.3 μg/kg.bw/day, which is 4.1% of ADI. The EDI of benzoic acid for high consumers (95th percentile) of processed foods among the consumers was 1,406.7 μg/kg.bw/day, which is 28.1% of the ADI. As a result of estimating the intake of benzoic acid, which may be increased by a newly established standard on natural occurrence in South Korea, the theoretical maximum EDI of benzoic acid was 109.9 μg/kg.bw/day, which is 2.2% of the ADI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngji Jung
- Food Additives Standard Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinai Choi
- KnA Consulting Cooperation, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Sungkyukwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Soon Oh
- Food Additives Standard Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyu Sun
- Food Additives Standard Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Khadem S, Marles RJ. Monocyclic phenolic acids; hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids: occurrence and recent bioactivity studies. Molecules 2010; 15:7985-8005. [PMID: 21060304 PMCID: PMC6259451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenolic acids, at least 30 hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids have been reported in the last 10 years to have biological activities. The chemical structures, natural occurrence throughout the plant, algal, bacterial, fungal and animal kingdoms, and recently described bioactivities of these phenolic and polyphenolic acids are reviewed to illustrate their wide distribution, biological and ecological importance, and potential as new leads for the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural products to improve human health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Khadem
- Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Rosa JS, Bonifassi E, Amaral J, Lacey LA, Simões N, Laumond C. Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernema, heterorhabditis) in the azores. J Nematol 2000; 32:215-222. [PMID: 19270969 PMCID: PMC2620449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A soil survey for entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted throughout the nine islands of the Azorean archipelago. Forty-six out of 1,180 samples (3.9%) were positive, with Heterorhabditis spp. isolated from 30 sites on six islands and Steinernema spp. isolated from 16 sites on three islands. São Miguel and Terceira Islands were positive for both genera, and Pico Island was positive only for Steinernema. Entomopathogenic nematodes were found from sea level up to 750 m. Seventy percent of the samples positive for Heterorhabditis were collected below 150 m, whereas 62.5% of the samples positive for Steinernema were collected above 300 m. Heterorhabditis was not isolated above 450 m. Steinernema was collected mostly in loamy-sand and sandy-loam soils with a pH below 6, whereas Heterorhabditis was mostly collected in sandy and loamy-sand soils with pH higher than 6. Steinernema and Heterorhabditis were found in cropland, orchards, and pastures, while Heterorhabditis was found also in woodland and native vegetation.
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