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Hara S, Koike I. Survival of Bacteriophage T4 in Quasi-Pure Ionic Solutions. Viruses 2023; 15:1737. [PMID: 37632079 PMCID: PMC10459568 DOI: 10.3390/v15081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The preservative qualities of individual ionic compounds impacting the infectivity of T4 virions were elucidated. T4 virions were immersed in quasi-pure ionic solutions prior to the adsorption process, and the plaque forming unit (pfu) values of these were measured following the conventional method. In neutral ionic solutions, the minimum and the optimum concentrations of preservative qualities corresponded with the results obtained from the multi-ionic media/buffers. In acid and alkali solutions, phages show tolerances at a pH range of 5-11 in multi-ionic media/buffers. T4 virions show no tolerance in quasi-pure acid, neutral, and weak alkaline conditions. The preservative quality of T4 virions increased in over 10-1 mM OH- solution, equivalent to a pH value over 10, which corresponds to the pKa of the deprotonation of the DNA bases G and T. Infectivity was lost below 10-1 mM OH- and higher than 10 mM OH-. These results imply that maintaining infectivity of a virion may need the flexibility of the intra-capsid DNA by deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Hara
- Miyazaki International College, 1405 Kano, Miyazaki 889-1605, Japan
| | - Isao Koike
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan;
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Liu C, Zhang G, Zhang W, Gu Z, Zhu G. Specifically adsorbed ferrous ions modulate interfacial affinity for high-rate ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate in neutral media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209979120. [PMID: 36626554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209979120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrolysis of nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) is promising for obtaining value-added chemicals and mitigating environmental concerns. Recently, catalysts with high-performance ammonia synthesis from nitrate has been achieved under alkaline or acidic conditions. However, NRA in neutral solution still suffers from the low yield rate and selectivity of ammonia due to the low binding affinity and nucleophilicity of NO3-. Here, we confirmed that the in-situ-generated Fe(II) ions existed as specifically adsorbed cations in the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) with a low redox potential. Inspired by this, a strategy (Fe-IHP strategy) was proposed to enhance NRA activity by tuning the affinity of the electrode-electrolyte interface. The specifically adsorbed Fe(II) ions [SA-Fe(II)] greatly alleviated the electrostatic repulsion around the interfaceresulting in a 10-fold lower in the adsorption-free energy of NO3- when compared to the case without SA-Fe(II). Meanwhile, the modulated interface accelerated the kinetic mass transfer process by 25 folds compared to the control. Under neutral conditions, a Faraday efficiency of 99.6%, a selectivity of 99%, and an extremely high NH3 yield rate of 485.8 mmol h-1 g-1 FeOOH were achieved. Theoretical calculations and in-situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed the electron-rich state of the SA-Fe(II) donated to p orbitals of N atom and favored the hydrogenation of *NO to *NOH for promoting the formation of high-selectivity ammonia. In sum, these findings complement the textbook on the specific adsorption of cations and provide insights into the design of low-cost NRA catalysts with efficient ammonia synthesis.
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Goodnight L, Butler D, Xia T, Ebrahimi A. Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose in Neutral Solution Using PBS-Treated Electrodeposited Copper-Nickel Electrodes. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:409. [PMID: 34821625 PMCID: PMC8615574 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals have been explored extensively for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose. However, to enable glucose oxidation, the majority of reports require highly alkaline electrolytes which can be damaging to the sensors and hazardous to handle. In this work, we developed a non-enzymatic sensor for detection of glucose in near-neutral solution based on copper-nickel electrodes which are electrochemically modified in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Nickel and copper were deposited using chronopotentiometry, followed by a two-step annealing process in air (Step 1: at room temperature and Step 2: at 150 °C) and electrochemical stabilization in PBS. Morphology and chemical composition of the electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was used to measure oxidation reaction of glucose in sodium sulfate (100 mM, pH 6.4). The PBS-Cu-Ni working electrodes enabled detection of glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 nM, a dynamic response from 5 nM to 20 mM, and sensitivity of 5.47 ± 0.45 μA cm-2/log10(mole.L-1) at an applied potential of 0.2 V. In addition to the ultralow LOD, the sensors are selective toward glucose in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid spiked in artificial saliva. The optimized PBS-Cu-Ni electrodes demonstrate better stability after seven days storage in ambient compared to the Cu-Ni electrodes without PBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Goodnight
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
| | - Derrick Butler
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tunan Xia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
| | - Aida Ebrahimi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (L.G.); (D.B.); (T.X.)
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Nakayama M, Miyazaki M, Honda K, Kasai K, Tomo T, Nakamoto H, Kawanishi H. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in the era of a multi-disciplinary approach based on biocompatible solutions: the NEXT-PD study. Perit Dial Int 2014; 34:766-74. [PMID: 24497585 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Over the past decade in Japan, a multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to minimize the incidence and improve outcomes of EPS. This strategy includes planned PD discontinuation for high-risk patients and the introduction of biocompatible solutions. This study examined the current clinical status of EPS in representative PD centers in Japan. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Patients (n = 1,338) from 55 PD centers in Japan who were using neutral-pH solutions from the initiation of therapy (mean age, 62 years; median PD duration, 32 months; concomitant use of icodextrin, 35.2%; PD and hemodialysis combination therapy, 12.2%) were assessed every 6 months to ascertain the reasons for PD discontinuation and the development of EPS development. Outcomes were also recorded. The study period was from November 2008 to March 2012. RESULTS There were 727 patients who discontinued PD, including 163 deaths. Among all causes of PD withdrawal except for death, planned PD discontinuation to avoid EPS was utilized in 58 cases (7.1% in total). The strategy was increasingly utilized in proportion to the duration of PD: 0.5% for patients undergoing PD for < 3 years, 0.6% for patients undergoing PD for 5 years, 14.7% for patients undergoing PD for 8 years, and 35.5% for patients undergoing PD for > 8 years. Fourteen patients developed EPS (three cases after PD), which corresponded with an overall incidence of 1.0%. The incidence according to the duration of PD was 0.3% for PD < 3 years, 0.6% for PD = 5 years, 2.3% for PD = 8 years, and 1.2% for PD > 8 years. In terms of therapy, 11 patients were treated with prednisolone (PSL), and surgical enterolysis was utilized in two cases. Complete remission of abdominal symptoms was achieved in twelve patients (85.7%), and three died due to EPS (mortality rate of 21.4%). CONCLUSIONS Use of the multidisciplinary approach described above reduces the risk of the development of EPS according to PD duration. In cases of de novo EPS cases in Japan, this strategy can also attenuate the clinical course of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nakayama
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Miyazaki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tomo
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Nakamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawanishi
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Miyazaki Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Fuji City General Hospital, Fuji, Japan; Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; and Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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