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Delord T, Monge R, Meriles CA. Correlated Spectroscopy of Electric Noise with Color Center Clusters. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38767585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Experimental noise often contains information about the interactions of a system with its environment, but establishing a relation between the measured time fluctuations and the underlying physical observables is rarely apparent. Here, we leverage a multidimensional and multisensor analysis of spectral diffusion to investigate the dynamics of trapped carriers near subdiffraction clusters of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We establish statistical correlations in the spectral fluctuations we measure as we recursively probe the cluster optical resonances, which we then exploit to reveal proximal traps. Further, we deterministically induce Stark shifts in the cluster spectrum, ultimately allowing us to pinpoint the relative three-dimensional positions of interacting NVs as well as the location and charge sign of surrounding traps. Our results can be generalized to other color centers and provide opportunities for the characterization of photocarrier dynamics in semiconductors and the manipulation of nanoscale spin-qubit clusters connected via electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Delord
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Richard Monge
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Farfurnik D, Singh H, Luo Z, Bracker AS, Carter SG, Pettit RM, Waks E. All-Optical Noise Spectroscopy of a Solid-State Spin. Nano Lett 2023; 23:1781-1786. [PMID: 36847503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Noise spectroscopy elucidates the fundamental noise sources in spin systems, thereby serving as an essential tool toward developing spin qubits with long coherence times for quantum information processing, communication, and sensing. But existing techniques for noise spectroscopy that rely on microwave fields become infeasible when the microwave power is too weak to generate Rabi rotations of the spin. Here, we demonstrate an alternative all-optical approach to performing noise spectroscopy. Our approach utilizes coherent Raman rotations of the spin state with controlled timing and phase to implement Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences. Analyzing the spin dynamics under these sequences enables us to extract the noise spectrum of a dense ensemble of nuclear spins interacting with a single spin in a quantum dot, which has thus far been modeled only theoretically. By providing spectral bandwidths of over 100 MHz, our approach enables studies of spin dynamics and decoherence for a broad range of solid-state spin qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demitry Farfurnik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Harjot Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhouchen Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Allan S Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Samuel G Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Robert M Pettit
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Intelligence Community Postrdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Aishwarya A, Raghavan A, Howard S, Cai Z, Thakur GS, Won C, Cheong SW, Felser C, Madhavan V. Long-lifetime spin excitations near domain walls in 1T-TaS 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121740119. [PMID: 35617430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121740119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThere is an intense ongoing search for two-level quantum systems with long lifetimes for applications in quantum communication and computation. Much research has been focused on studying isolated spins in semiconductors or band insulators. Mott insulators provide an interesting alternative platform but have been far less explored. In this work we use a technique capable of resolving individual spins at atomic length scales, to measure the two-level switching of spin states in 1T-TaS2. We find quasi-1D chains of spin-1/2 electrons embedded in 1T-TaS2 which have exceptionally long lifetimes. The discovery of long-lived spin states in a tractable van der Waal material opens doors to using Mott systems in future quantum information applications.
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Barone C, Rotzinger H, Voss JN, Mauro C, Schön Y, Ustinov AV, Pagano S. Current-Resistance Effects Inducing Nonlinear Fluctuation Mechanisms in Granular Aluminum Oxide Nanowires. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10030524. [PMID: 32183260 PMCID: PMC7153260 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The unusual superconducting properties of granular aluminum oxide have been recently investigated for application in quantum circuits. However, the intrinsic irregular structure of this material requires a good understanding of the transport mechanisms and, in particular, the effect of disorder, especially when patterned at the nanoscale level. In view of these aspects, electric transport and voltage fluctuations have been investigated on thin-film based granular aluminum oxide nanowires, in the normal state and at temperatures between 8 and 300 K. The nonlinear resistivity and two-level tunneling fluctuators have been observed. Regarding the nature of the noise processes, the experimental findings give a clear indication in favor of a dynamic random resistor network model, rather than the possible existence of a local ordering of magnetic origin. The identification of the charge carrier fluctuations in the normal state of granular aluminum oxide nanowires is very useful for improving the fabrication process and, therefore, reducing the possible sources of decoherence in the superconducting state, where quantum technologies that are based on these nanostructures should work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.)
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-968212
| | - Hannes Rotzinger
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (H.R.); (J.N.V.); (Y.S.); (A.V.U.)
- Institut für Quantenmaterialien und Technologien (IQMT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Nicolas Voss
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (H.R.); (J.N.V.); (Y.S.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Costantino Mauro
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Yannick Schön
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (H.R.); (J.N.V.); (Y.S.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Alexey V. Ustinov
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (H.R.); (J.N.V.); (Y.S.); (A.V.U.)
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; (C.M.); (S.P.)
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, c/o Università degli Studi di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Kutovyi Y, Zadorozhnyi I, Handziuk V, Hlukhova H, Boichuk N, Petrychuk M, Vitusevich S. Liquid-Gated Two-Layer Silicon Nanowire FETs: Evidence of Controlling Single-Trap Dynamic Processes. Nano Lett 2018; 18:7305-7313. [PMID: 30346789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate two-layer (TL) silicon nanowires (NW) field-effect transistors (FETs) with a liquid gate. The NW devices show advanced characteristics, which reflect reliable single-electron phenomena. A strong modulation effect of channel conductivity with effectively tuned parameters is revealed. The effect opens up prospects for applications in several research fields including bioelectronics and sensing applications. Our results shed light on the nature of single trap dynamics which parameters can be fine-tuned to enhance the sensitivity of liquid-gated TL silicon nanowire FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Kutovyi
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Ihor Zadorozhnyi
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Volodymyr Handziuk
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Hanna Hlukhova
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Nazarii Boichuk
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Mykhaylo Petrychuk
- Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- Faculty of Radiophysics, Electronics and Computer Systems , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 03127 Kyiv , Ukraine
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Abstract
Thermal Fluctuations Spectroscopy (TFS) in combination with novel optical-based instrumentation was used to study mechanical properties of cell-cultured neurites with a spatial resolution limited only by the light diffraction. The analysis of thermal fluctuations together with a physical model of cellular elasticity allow us to determine relevant mechanical properties of neurite as axial tension σ, flexural rigidity B, plasma membrane tension γ, membrane bending rigidity K, and cytoskeleton to membrane-coupling ρbk, whose values are consistent with previously reported values measured using invasive approaches. The value obtained for the membrane-coupling parameter was used to estimate the average number of coupling elements between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton that fell in the range of 30 elements per area of the laser spot used to record the fluctuations. Furthermore, to expand the TFS analysis, we investigate the correlation between F-actin linear density and the mechanical features of PC12 neurites. Using a hybrid instrument that combines TFS and a simple fluorescent technique, our results show that the fluctuations are related with the F-actin concentration. These measurements have an advantage of not requiring the application of an external force, allowing as to directly establish a correlation between changes in the mechanical parameters and cytoskeleton-protein concentrations. The sensibility of our method was also tested by the application of TFS technique to PC12 neurite under Paraformaldehyde and Latrunculin-A effect. These results show a dramatic modification in the fluctuations that are consistent with the reported effect of these drugs, confirming the high sensitivity of this technique. Finally, the thermal fluctuation approach was applied to DRG axons to show that its utility is not limited to studies of PC12 neurites, but it is suitable to measure the general characteristic of various neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gárate
- Cellular Mechanics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile.,Biophysics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Pertusa
- Department of Biology, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yahaira Arana
- Cellular Mechanics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bernal
- Cellular Mechanics Laboratory, Physics Department, SMAT-C, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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Landi G, Neitzert HC, Barone C, Mauro C, Lang F, Albrecht S, Rech B, Pagano S. Correlation between Electronic Defect States Distribution and Device Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1700183. [PMID: 29051860 PMCID: PMC5644241 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, random current fluctuations measured at different temperatures and for different illumination levels are used to understand the charge carrier kinetics in methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells. A model, combining trapping/detrapping, recombination mechanisms, and electron-phonon scattering, is formulated evidencing how the presence of shallow and deeper band tail states influences the solar cell recombination losses. At low temperatures, the observed cascade capture process indicates that the trapping of the charge carriers by shallow defects is phonon assisted directly followed by their recombination. By increasing the temperature, a phase modification of the CH3NH3PbI3 absorber layer occurs and for temperatures above the phase transition at about 160 K the capture of the charge carrier takes place in two steps. The electron is first captured by a shallow defect and then it can be either emitted or thermalize down to a deeper band tail state and recombines subsequently. This result reveals that in perovskite solar cells the recombination kinetics is strongly influenced by the electron-phonon interactions. A clear correlation between the morphological structure of the perovskite grains, the energy disorder of the defect states, and the device performance is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIn)Università di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Heinz Christoph Neitzert
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIn)Università di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Carlo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” and CNR‐SPIN SalernoUniversità di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Costantino Mauro
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” and CNR‐SPIN SalernoUniversità di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Felix Lang
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHInstitut für Silizium PhotovoltaikKekuléstr. 512489BerlinGermany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHInstitut für Silizium PhotovoltaikKekuléstr. 512489BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd Rech
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHInstitut für Silizium PhotovoltaikKekuléstr. 512489BerlinGermany
| | - Sergio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” and CNR‐SPIN SalernoUniversità di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
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Lee B, Lee S, Cho D, Kim J, Hwang T, Kim KH, Hong S, Moon T, Park B. Evaluating the Optoelectronic Quality of Hybrid Perovskites by Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy with Noise Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:30985-30991. [PMID: 27782394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation solar cells. To attain high photovoltaic efficiency, reducing the defects in perovskites is crucial along with a uniform coating of the films. Also, evaluating the quality of synthesized perovskites via facile and adequate methods is important as well. Herein, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites were synthesized by applying second solvent dripping to nonstoichiometric precursors containing excess CH3NH3I. The resulting perovskite films exhibited a larger average grain size with a better crystallinity compared to that from stoichiometric precursors. As a result, the performance of planar perovskite solar cells was significantly improved, achieving an efficiency of 14.3%. Furthermore, perovskite films were effectively analyzed using a conductive AFM and noise spectroscopy, which have been uncommon in the field of perovskite solar cells. Comparing the topography and photocurrent maps, the variation of photocurrents in nanoscale was systematically investigated, and a linear relationship between the grain size and photocurrent was revealed. Also, noise analyses with a conductive probe enabled examination of the defect density of perovskites at specific grain interiors by excluding the grain-boundary effect, and reduced defects were clearly observed for the perovskites using CH3NH3I-rich precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taeho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dankook University , Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea
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Kätelhön E, Krause KJ, Wolfrum B, Compton RG. How many molecules are required to obtain a steady faradaic current from mediated electron transfer at a single nanoparticle on a supporting surface? Chemphyschem 2014; 15:872-5. [PMID: 24616158 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the chronoamperometric noise characteristics of electron-transfer reactions occurring on single nanoparticles (NPs) and assemblies of well-separated NPs on a supporting surface. To this end, we combine a formerly described expression for the steady-state current of a single particle with the shot-noise model and derive an expression for the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of bulk concentration and particle radius. Our findings are supported by random-walk simulations, which closely match the analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Kätelhön
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ (UK)
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